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  • 呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)与母乳喂养

    关注“国际母乳会LLL”了解更多母乳喂养资讯


    PART 01

    呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和母乳喂养对它的影响

    出处https://www.lllc.ca/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-and-impact-breastfeeding

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and the Impact of Breastfeeding | La Leche League Canada – Breastfeeding Support and Information (lllc.ca)


    纯母乳喂养超过4个月的儿童在感染呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)时住院和需要吸氧的可能性显著降低。

    母乳具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗炎的特性,能增强宝宝自身对病毒的免疫反应。母乳还可能预防发生严重的气道损伤。


    您可能会担心呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)以及它可能如何影响您的宝宝。这种病毒很常见。大多数婴幼儿在2前时就已经感染过RSV病毒。宝宝感染这种病毒时的年龄越大,疾病的严重程度往往越轻。

    研究表明,母乳喂养帮助抵御呼吸道合胞病毒。虽然母乳喂养并不能防止宝宝感染这种病毒,但目前已有的研究都表明,母乳喂养可以降低RSV引起疾病的严重程度。母乳喂养少于2个月的婴儿在感染RSV时更有可能住院。纯母乳喂养超过4个月的儿童在感染RSV时需要住院和氧疗的可能性显著降低。母乳具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗炎的特性,能增强宝宝自身对病毒的免疫反应。母乳还可能预防发生严重的气道损伤。

    如果您的宝宝是早产儿、患有肺部疾病和/或心脏病,这些因素可使RSV更容易出现并发症。预防疾病的最有效方法是减少接触病毒,定期勤洗手并继续母乳喂养。如果您担心宝宝接触病毒,请要求人们不要亲吻或拥抱您的宝宝。

    如果您有任何关于母乳喂养的问题或疑虑,请联系当地的国际母乳会哺乳辅导,她们可以为您提供支持和信息。




    Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and the Impact of Breastfeeding

    You may be worried about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and how it might affect your baby. This virus is very common. Most infants have had RSV by the time they are two years old. The older a baby is when they get it, the less severe the infection tends to be.

    Studies show that breastfeeding has a protective effect against RSV. Breastfeeding does not prevent your baby from getting infected with this virus. However, all available studies show that breastfeeding reduces the seriousness of the illness. Babies who were breastfed for less than two months were more likely to be hospitalized when infected with RSV. Babies who were exclusively breastfed for more than four months were significantly less likely to be hospitalized and need oxygen when infected with RSV. Human milk has anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties that boost your baby’s own immune response to the virus. Human milk may also protect against serious airway damage.

    If your baby was born premature, has lung disease, and/or heart disease, these factors can complicate cases of RSV. The most effective ways to prevent illness is to limit exposure to the virus, wash hands regularly and continue to breastfeed. If you are concerned about your baby being exposed to the virus, ask people not to kiss or cuddle your baby.

    If you have any breastfeeding questions or concerns, contact your local La Leche League Leader who can provide you with support and information.


    References参考文献)

    Jang M.J., Kim Y.J., Hong S., Na J., Hwang J.H., Shin S.M., Ahn Y.M. (2020.) Positive association of breastfeeding on respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized infants: a multicenter retrospective study. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63(4):135-140. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2019.00402.

    Messina, A., Germano, C., Avellis, V.., Tavella, E., Dodaro, V., Massaro, A., Vitale, R., Masturzo, B., & Manzoni, P. (2022). New strategies for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Early Human Development, 174, 105666.

    Mineva G, Philip, R. (2022). Impact of Breastfeeding on the Incidence and Severity of RSV Bronchiolitis in Infants: Systematic Review. Pediatrics, 149, 280.

    Mocsny Thomas, S. (2022, October). Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Infants. LLL Alliance, Professional Liaison Department.

    November 8, 2022


    PART 02
    婴幼儿呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)感染


    Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Babies and Small Children – La Leche League International (llli.org)

    https://www.llli.org/breastfeeding-info/rsv/

    2019-2021年,由于2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间限制了大型聚会、在公共场所戴口罩和经常洗手等措施,儿童和成人中包括呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)在内的呼吸道病毒感染率有所下降。然而,在2022年,RSV和其他病毒一直在增加,许多儿科医院的病房里挤满了患有严重RSV感染的婴幼儿。

    母乳喂养的婴儿如果感染了RSV,应继续母乳喂养。研究表明,他们会恢复得更快,更少需要氧疗,母乳中的抗体会保护他们并帮助他们康复。1,2,3

    母乳喂养能保护患有呼吸道合胞病毒的婴儿吗?

    如果婴儿感染了RSV,母乳喂养是否可以保护婴儿或帮助他们更快地康复?是的!
    美国儿科学会建议母乳喂养,因为数据显示,母乳喂养的儿童,以下急性、慢性儿科疾病的发生率会降低:中耳炎、急性腹泻病、下呼吸道疾病婴儿猝死综合征、炎症性肠病、儿童白血病、糖尿病、肥胖症、哮喘和特应性皮炎。1

    研究发现

    20222月的一项研究报道,“母乳喂养已被证明对患有RSV毛细支气管炎的婴儿具有保护作用。世界卫生组织建议纯母乳喂养至少6个月,以最大限度地抵御婴儿病毒感染。本综述表明,纯母乳喂养和部分母乳喂养可降低疾病的严重程度、缩短住院时间并减少对氧疗的需求。”2

    BMF(母乳喂养)组需要氧疗的RSV感染的严重程度低于AMF(人工配方奶粉喂养)组。母乳对RSV感染的这种保护作用可能会减少对氧疗的需求,这表明气道损伤较小。”3

    如果母乳喂养宝宝感染了呼吸道合胞病毒,我该怎么办?

    继续母乳喂养非常重要。如果宝宝鼻塞严重,可以尝试以直立姿势哺乳以帮助分泌物排出。请咨询医生是否需要在喂奶前用盐水滴鼻并用球形吸鼻器清除分泌物,这些方法可能有助于保持鼻腔通畅。

    如果您的宝宝病得太重或鼻塞太严重而无法母乳喂养,请经常用吸奶器泵奶或手挤奶以喂养宝宝,确保宝宝继续接受母乳中抗体的保护。在生病期间,尽可能经常将宝宝以直立的姿势抱在胸前,这样会让宝宝感到安慰,也会帮助宝宝更轻松地呼吸。研究表明,母乳喂养的婴儿和儿童恢复得更快。

    有关呼吸道合胞病毒的常见问题解答

    以下信息来自美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)网站。4,5这些常见问题包括对RSV的症状、预防以及疾病如何传播的解释。

    什么是呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)

    RSV是一种常见的传染性病毒,可引起下呼吸道感染。大多数感染RSV的人会出现类似于普通感冒的轻微症状。RSV可以在任何年龄感染,但大多数儿童到2岁时都会感染过RSV。它常见于秋冬季和春季。

    它是如何传播的?

    它可以通过咳嗽和打喷嚏等途径经空气中的飞沫传播、通过接触被RSV污染的门把手等表面,或通过接吻等方式直接接触而传播。病毒可以在硬质表面上存活数小时。

    呼吸道合胞病毒的症状是什么?

    症状可能包括咳嗽、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、食欲下降、发烧和喘息(喘息是一种高音调的类似吹口哨的声音)。它可能会导致婴儿易怒、活动减少和呼吸困难。在美国,RSV是引起一岁以下儿童毛细支气管炎(肺部小气道炎症)和肺炎(肺部感染)的最常见原因。

    哪些人发生呼吸道合胞病毒并发症的风险最高?


    早产儿、患有心脏病或慢性肺部疾病的幼儿、免疫系统较弱的幼儿、免疫系统受损的成年人和患有基础心肺疾病的老年人风险最高。6个月以下患RSV的婴儿有1%-2%可能需要住院治疗。

    如何预防呼吸道合胞病毒?

    采取以下预防措施将有助于减少RSV的传播:比如,经常用肥皂洗手至少20秒,咳嗽和打喷嚏时用纸巾或衬衫袖子的上部遮挡,避免与病人密切接触和共用餐具,以及清洁经常接触的表面,如门把手和移动设备。2岁以上的幼儿和父母可以在人多的地方戴口罩进行防护。2岁以下的儿童戴不了不应戴口罩。避免接触病人。研究表明,母乳喂养也是一种预防措施,为保护婴儿提供重要的抗体。

    有没有预防呼吸道合胞病毒的疫苗?

    目前有几种疫苗正在研发中。一种RSV疫苗目前正在欧洲进行测试。截至202211月,还没有疫苗可常规用于脆弱人群的免疫接种。



    Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Babies and Small Children

    In 2019-2021, due to more limited large group gatherings, masking in public areas and frequent handwashing during the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children and adults declined. However, in 2022, RSV and other viruses have been increasing and many pediatric hospital wards are full of babies and young children suffering from severe RSV infections.

    Breastfeeding babies should continue to breastfeed if they become ill with RSV. Research has shown that they will recover faster, they will need less oxygen therapy, and the antibodies in human milk will protect them and aid in healing.1,2,3

    DOES BREASTFEEDING PROTECT INFANTS WITH RSV?

    Does breastfeeding protect infants or help them recuperate faster if they are infected with RSV? Yes!
    The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding because data show that for children who are breastfed, the following acute and chronic pediatric disorders occur less frequently: otitis media, acute diarrheal disease, 
    lower respiratory illnesses, sudden infant death syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, childhood leukemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, asthma, and atopic dermatitis.1

    RESEARCH FINDINGS

    A research study from February 2022 reported that “breastfeeding has shown to have a protective effect for infants with RSV bronchiolitis. The World Health Organization recommends minimum six months of exclusive breastfeeding for maximal immune protection against viral infections in infants. This review shows that exclusive and partial breastfeeding reduces severity of disease, length of hospital stays and supplemental oxygen requirements.”2

    “The severity of RSV infection requiring oxygen therapy was lower in the BMF (breast milk feeding) than the AMF (artificial milk formula fed) group. This protective role of human milk on RSV infection might decrease the need for oxygen therapy suggesting less airway damage.” 3

    WHAT DO I DO IF MY BREASTFEEDING BABY IS INFECTED WITH RSV?

    It is very important to continue breastfeeding. Is your baby very congested? Try feeding in an upright position to help with drainage. Ask your healthcare provider if saline nose drops and use of a bulb syringe to remove secretions may help with drying nasal passages before nursing.

    If your baby is too ill or congested to breastfeed, pump or express your milk frequently to feed your little one, assuring that your baby will continue to receive the antibody protection of human milk. Holding your little one in an upright position on your chest as much as possible throughout the illness will be comforting and will help your baby breathe more easily. Research has shown that recovery is more rapid in breastfed babies and children.

    FAQS ABOUT RSV

    The following information is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.4,5 These frequently asked questions include an explanation of RSV symptoms, prevention, and how the disease spreads.

    What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

    RSV is a common contagious virus that causes lower respiratory tract infection. Most people infected with RSV experience mild symptoms similar to a common cold. RSV can be contracted at any age, but most children will have experienced an RSV infection by the time they are two years old. It is common in the fall (autumn), winter and spring.

    How does it spread?

    It can spread through droplets in the air from coughs and sneezes, touching surfaces like doorknobs that are contaminated by RSV, or direct contact such as kissing. The virus can survive for many hours on hard surfaces.

    What are the symptoms of RSV?

    Symptoms may include coughing, sneezing, runny nose, decrease in appetite, fever, and wheezing. Wheezing is a high-pitched coarse whistling sound. In infants, it may cause irritability, decreased activity, and breathing difficulties. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lung) in children younger than one year of age in the United States.

    Who is at highest risk for complications with RSV?

    Premature infants, young children with heart or chronic lung disease, young children with weak immune systems, adults with compromised immune systems and older adults with underlying heart and lung disease are the most at risk. One to two percent of children younger than six months of age with RSV may need hospitalization for treatment.

    How can RSV be prevented?

    Taking precautions such as frequent hand washing with soap for at least 20 seconds, covering coughs and sneezes with tissues or upper shirt sleeve, avoiding close contact and sharing eating utensils with sick individuals, and cleaning frequently touched surfaces such as doorknobs and mobile devices will help decrease spread of RSV. Young children over the age of two and parents may wish to wear masks for protection in group settings. Children younger than two should not wear a mask. Avoid being around sick people. Research shows that breastfeeding is a preventative measure as well, providing important antibodies for infant protection.

    Is there a vaccine to prevent RSV?

    Currently there are several vaccines being developed. One RSV vaccine is currently being tested in Europe. None are routinely available to immunize vulnerable populations as of November 2022.


    REFERENCES参考文献

    1. AAP, Updated AAP guidance recommends longer breastfeeding due to benefits, June 2022, https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/20528/Updated-AAP-guidance-recommends-longer (accessed 23 November 2022).

    2. Minerva, G. and Philip, R. Pediatrics, Impact of Breastfeeding on the Incidence and Severity of RSV Bronchiolitis in Infants: Systematic Review, February 2022, https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/149/1%20Meeting%20Abstracts%20February%202022/280/185980/Impact-of-Breastfeeding-on-the-Incidence-and (accessed 23 November 2022)

    3. Min Jeong Jang, Yong Joo Kim, Shinhye Hong, Jaeyoon Na, Jong Hee Hwang, Son Moon Shin and Young Min Ahn, PubMed Central, Positive Association of Breastfeeding on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Infants: a Multicenter Retrospective Study, November 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7170789/
    (accessed 23 November 2022)

    4. CDC, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV), last reviewed October 2022, https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/index.html (accessed 23 November 2022)

    5. AAP, Mask guidance from the AAP, last updated June 2022, https://www.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/face-masks-and-other-prevention-strategies/ (accessed 23 November 2022)

    November 2022


    END

    审稿:Marien 、核桃

    编 辑:沐凡



     

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  • 哺乳辅导与哺乳互助指导(PC)的区别

    哺乳辅导与哺乳互助指导(PC)的区别

    [vc_row row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” oblique_section=”no” text_align=”left” Overflow=”” triangle_shape=”no” css_animation=”” overflow=”” el_class=”pb-5″][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=”哺乳辅导和哺乳互助指导都:” text_in_box=”yes” text_position=”center” box_border_style=”solid” animation=”default” line_border_style=”solid” line_dots=”no”][vc_column_text]- 对母乳喂养充满热情
    – 愿意帮助其他母亲发现母乳喂养的乐趣
    – 通过电话咨询、聚会上一对一的咨询、家庭或医院拜访的方式帮助母亲
    – 都可参加国际母乳会的继续教育讲习班及区域和国际会议
    – 都通过国际母乳会接受最新资讯和技能上的帮助
    – 都有机会与国际母乳会的哺乳辅导网上沟通[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” oblique_section=”no” text_align=”left” Overflow=”” triangle_shape=”no” css_animation=”” overflow=””][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=”他们在以下方面有所区别” text_in_box=”yes” text_position=”center” box_border_style=”solid” animation=”default” line_border_style=”solid” line_dots=”no”][vc_row_inner row_type=”row” type=”full_width” use_row_as_full_screen_section_slide=”no” text_align=”left” css_animation=”” el_class=”py-4″][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_column_text el_class=”p-3″]

    国际母乳会哺乳辅导:

    – 至少有一年的母乳喂养经验,在整个母乳喂养过程中亲自育儿,包括自然断奶。
    – 通常自愿到国际母乳会
    – 负责帮助任何和她联系的妈妈们
    – 经国际母乳会哺乳辅导委任部委任
    – 是非营利组织的志愿者
    – 需自行平衡家庭需求和需帮助的妈妈的需求
    – 需按月向区域顾问汇报- 代表国际母乳会
    – 在国际母乳会哺乳辅导责任险承保范围内
    – 组织月度的系列聚会
    – 须随时接受最新的母乳喂养信息、研究动态和管理技能[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″][vc_column_text el_class=”p-3″]

    哺乳互助指导(Peer Counsellor, PC):

    – 通常有六个月左右的母乳喂养经验(或有一定的哺乳经验)
    – 通常完成了哺乳互助指导课程
    – 负责在社区或哺乳互助指导课程管理人/受雇机构指定的地方里宣传推广母乳喂养并帮助母亲
    – 既可义务服务,也可提供由受雇机构付费的服务(但不能以哺乳互助指导的个人名义收费)
    – 若受雇于某机构,需谨慎自己的职责是为了满足受雇机构的需求
    – 须每月按要求向哺乳互助指导课程管理人/受雇机构汇报
    – 代表国际母乳会
    – 在国际母乳会责任险承保范围内
    – 组织国际母乳会的系列聚会,但可在受雇机构组织或作为社区志愿者自行组织母乳喂养互助聚会
    – 在哺乳互助指导课程管理人或受雇机构的监督下随时接受最新的母乳喂养信息、研究动态和管理技能[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row]

  • 母乳喂养、分娩和 COVID-19(新冠肺炎)

    母乳喂养、分娩和 COVID-19(新冠肺炎)

    翻译 许悦

    审稿 Marien, Victoria

    2020年4月16日,美国北卡罗来纳州拉雷市

    许多人要求国际母乳会 (LLLI) 提供有关与分娩和母乳喂养有关的冠状病毒的最新信息。我们继续强调母乳喂养所有婴儿的重要性,无论是新生儿还是年龄较大的婴儿,以及是否检测出新冠阳性。当一个家庭做出分娩和婴儿喂养的决定时,了解母乳喂养的好处和不母乳喂养的风险对他们很重要。

    母乳喂养是保护婴儿免于生病或在婴儿生病时减轻婴儿疾病严重程度的最佳方法。

    国际母乳会支持世界卫生组织 (WHO) 关于出生后立即进行母乳喂养的建议,即使新冠肺炎检测结果呈阳性的情况下也是如此。假如母亲是新冠确诊或密切接触者,母乳喂养对她的婴儿非常重要。尤其关键的是,所有新生儿在出生后一小时内得到母乳喂养支持,这样他们才能从初乳提供的免疫成分中受益。

    当母乳妈妈生病了,除非医学上有指证,否则不要中断母乳喂养。当家庭的任何成员被暴露在病毒面前时,婴儿也不例外。中断母乳喂养实际上都可能增加婴儿生病甚至重病的风险。

    当母亲生病严重,无法进行母乳喂养时,应该得到手挤奶或吸奶的支持,这样婴儿仍然可以吃到母乳。如果无法做到这一点,WHO建议将捐赠母乳作为下一个最佳喂养选择,因为捐赠母乳将含有母乳代用品中没有的免疫成分。应提供有关重新泌乳的信息,以及提供在健康状况改善时帮助让婴儿回到乳房的支持。

    世界卫生组织已为新冠肺炎检测呈阳性的人群发布了与怀孕、分娩和母乳喂养相关的最新信息。该中文版信息可在以下链接找到:

    https://www.who.int/zh/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pregnancy-and-childbirth

    国际母乳会鼓励家庭根据可靠的信息和与知识渊博的专业人士的讨论做出明智的决定。

    信息来源将在以下链接中提供:

    https://www.llli.org/covid-19-references/

     

    【公众号发布时这里添加上次翻译新冠常见问题FAQ的文章的链接】

     

    一旦有其他新信息,我们将更新相关资源。请经常回来查看内容更新。

     

    Breastfeeding, Childbirth, and COVID-19

    16 April 2020, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Many people have asked for information updates from La Leche League International (LLLI) regarding coronavirus in relation to childbirth and breastfeeding. We continue to emphasize the critical importance of breastfeeding all babies whether newly born or older and whether someone has tested positive for COVID-19 or not. Being knowledgeable about the benefits of breastfeeding and risks of not breastfeeding is important for families as they make childbirth and infant feeding decisions.

    Breastfeeding is the best means of protecting a baby from getting sick or of reducing the severity of a baby’s illness if a baby does become ill.

    LLLI supports the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for breastfeeding immediately after birth even when a positive COVID-19 test has been obtained. Breastfeeding is important for an infant who is born to anyone who tests positive for COVID-19 or who has a close family member who has tested positive. It is critical that all newborns be supported in breastfeeding within one hour after birth so they can benefit from the immunological components that colostrum provides.

    If someone who is breastfeeding becomes ill, it is important not to interrupt breastfeeding unless it becomes medically necessary. When any member of the family has been exposed, the infant has been exposed. Any interruption of breastfeeding may actually increase the infant’s risk of becoming ill and even of becoming severely ill.

    Mothers who become too ill to breastfeed should be supported in expressing or pumping so that the baby can still be given the milk. If that is not possible, donor milk is recommended by the WHO as the next best feeding option, as donor milk will contain immunological components not available in human milk substitutes. Information about relactation should be offered, along with support to help get the baby back to the breast when health improves.

    The WHO has issued updated information related to pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding for anyone who tests positive for COVID-19. That information may be found at:

    https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-on-covid-19-pregnancy-childbirth-and-breastfeeding

    LLLI encourages families to make informed decisions based on reliable information and discussions with knowledgeable professionals.

    Sources of information will be provided at the following link:

    https://www.llli.org/covid-19-references/

    We will update these resources as new information becomes available. Please check back for updates frequently.

  • 我的全母乳喂养经历 —— 盛菲菲

    我的全母乳喂养经历 —— 盛菲菲

    我是一个普通的职场妈妈,结婚生子,一切循规蹈矩。可能是属牛的关系,我性子里本身就有一股执拗劲,从怀孕伊始我就坚定地认为母乳喂养是最好的,并给自己定下了三个目标:坚持顺产不动摇、坚持母乳喂养不动摇,坚持自己带娃不动摇。我就是吃母乳长大的孩子,我妈妈喂我到一岁多,或许是自身经历让我感觉到母乳喂养是自然而然的事,或许是我强大的自我心理暗示和充分的孕期准备,总之,我完美的实现了真正意义上没有添加过一口奶粉的全母乳喂养。

    作为一个妈妈,我特别乐于将我母乳喂养的个人经历和大家分享,希望对其他的的妈妈有所启发,相信每个妈妈都能找到最适合自己和宝宝的方法。

    先天因素+后天准备,相信自己一定有奶!

    人是哺乳动物,每个妈妈都能有充足的奶水,都能喂饱自己的孩子,这是大自然赋予哺乳动物最基本也是最重要的职能。我从孕期开始就重视母乳喂养,看了大量的育儿及母乳书籍,深刻地了解到母乳喂养对于一个孩子的重要性,并选择了上海最提倡母乳喂养,产后母乳喂养率最高的长宁区妇幼保健院建卡、生产。宝宝于151月顺产出生,15分钟就抱到我身边,早接触早刺激早吸吮,我的宝宝出生半小时就吃到了黄金初乳。看着宝宝闭着眼睛,爬到我胸口,本能地、贪婪的、努力吸出了属于他的完美口粮,我禁不住热泪盈眶。

    职场妈妈也能实现全母乳!

    孩子七个月,我结束了产假,每天在更衣室吸出母乳,带回家作为孩子第二天白天的口粮。直到现在,孩子16个月了,没有吃过一口奶粉。从最开始一天吸两次,到一岁以后每天吸一次。每次在狭小的更衣室,看着一滴滴乳白色液体汇聚成一瓶瓶充满母爱的精华,我就默默的决定要把背奶的路走下去。

    其实只要按时吸出母乳,大脑就会有泌乳素分泌,奶量不会随着上班而减少,当然保持良好的心情和充足的睡眠还是很重要的。人是高级动物就在于大脑能根据宝宝需要控制奶量、会根据季节调节母乳成分。家人的关爱支持也很重要,上班以后虽然工作很辛苦,但晚上的绝大多数时间里,都是我自己带宝宝,我认为三岁以下的孩子和妈妈经常在一起,取得安全感是非常重要的。

    母乳真的能增加孩子的免疫力,孩子至今没有生过病。在我感冒期间也坚持戴好口罩喂奶,希望乳汁中的免疫球蛋白给他带来更好的抵抗力。谢谢母乳,让孩子很健康;谢谢母乳,让我们每次喂他,都是一次很好的亲子交流的机会。

    由于自己母乳喂养的成功经验,我还经常鼓励工作、生活中遇到的妈妈们进行母乳喂养,并与她们分享我的经验和技巧。

    没有瓶喂的母乳喂养经历

    我知道亲喂于我于孩子都是最好的,母乳喂养不仅增进母子感情,还可降低妈妈得乳腺疾病的风险。传说中很多头胎妈妈可能会遇到的乳头皲裂,并没有发生在我的身上。在哺乳姿势得当,宝宝含乳正确的前提下,亲喂并不会对乳头损伤。当然,像很多新妈妈一样,在刚开始磨合的阶段,喂奶还是会让我的乳头有一些轻微的不适。妈妈和宝宝都有一个最舒适的哺乳过程,才能将亲喂坚持下去。我只在宝宝一个多月时出现过一次奶结。最开始三个月左右,我除了每天晚上临睡前吸出一些余奶,别的时间全为亲喂。大约到四个月左右,感觉达到奶量平衡,就不再人为的去额外吸出奶水了。

    由于一直亲喂,奶量也够,宝宝就没有加过奶粉,吃过奶瓶,我上班时期吸出的母乳全部靠小杯子或者勺子喂。所以自然的,也就没有经历有些家庭会说的一岁需要戒奶瓶这件对于宝宝来说并不容易的事,顺利的发育到下一个阶段。

    奶睡不可怕,有时还很可爱

    奶睡这个话题,算是比较有分歧的。我看过不少书籍和资料,以西尔斯为代表的亲密育儿理论认为宝宝有需求就应该满足,而以特蕾西·霍格为代表的程序育儿法则认为要坚决制止奶睡。两本著作我都看过,也曾经纠结过。但我终究还是明白了每一种育儿法都不是万能的,都需要根据自身宝宝的情况“因宝而异”。在宝宝小时候(比如六个月之前),一边吸着妈妈的neinei,一边进入甜甜的梦乡,这难道不是很美好的事情吗?非要强迫宝宝自主入睡没有必要。 稍微长大点,睡前奶吃完,有时候宝宝也能入睡,那就让他睡着好了。有时候宝宝吃完也不睡,那就趁机来点所谓的“睡眠训练”也不错,做好睡前仪式,开始唱歌,拍拍肩膀,抱住安抚玩具,一般来说,我的宝贝在小床上鼓捣十来分钟,自己就能慢慢睡着了。

    在宝宝十个月左右大时,有时候晚上23点醒来,喂了奶还不睡,清醒的要跟我玩上一会或是聊上一会,那会儿真是让我郁闷,多希望他能有吃了奶便马上睡着的“好习惯”啊!但走过这个阶段,随着他渐渐长大,到一岁之后,我的宝宝的睡眠趋于稳定,醒来的次数自然减少,晚上八点多可以一觉到第二天凌晨四点左右,亲喂完之后可以睡到第二天早上八点。

    Neinei,这是我家宝送给我的第一个词语;而母乳,这是妈妈送孩子最好的礼物。不光是营养,这更是一份来自妈妈的爱,他会很有安全感,这会影响他一辈子。

    盛菲菲于上海20165

  • 同时哺育两个三岁以下的宝宝Nursing and Nurturing Two Babies Under Three

    同时哺育两个三岁以下的宝宝Nursing and Nurturing Two Babies Under Three

    图|国际母乳会中国图片库(图文无关)

    New beginnings  2010 issue 2

    Michelle Stille, Milton, FL, USA

    郑宇 译

    Gabe was a little over a year when we decided to try to conceive our second baby. He was still nursing all day and all night and not very interested in eating other foods. I offered him the foods my husband and I were eating. I was breastfed for several years myself and his lack of interest in table food was normal to me. I knew he would eventually eat more foods, but I was very concerned that if I got pregnant and my milk supply decreased or disappeared, he would starve. Although I wanted to wait until Gabe was at least two to get pregnant again, with my husband Ryan’s future military deployments and frequent moves to plan around, we decided it would work out better to have a baby sooner.

    我们决定要再生一个孩子的时候盖布刚刚一岁多一点。他仍然整天整夜要吃母乳,对其它食物不太感兴趣。我和我丈夫吃饭的时候,也会把我们吃的东西给他吃一点,但他兴趣不大。这点对我来说并不奇怪,因为我自己小时候也吃了很多年的母乳。我知道他总有一天会吃其它的食物,但是我很担心一旦我怀孕,我的乳汁减少或者甚至没有了的话,他会挨饿。尽管我本来想要等到盖布至少两岁才再怀孕,但为了我丈夫瑞安以后的军事部署和因此导致的频繁搬家做准备,尽快再生个孩子可能更理想。

    I conceived again when Gabe was 18 months old. I really wanted Gabe to have as much milk as he wanted until he was two. I planned to continue nursing throughout my pregnancy and then to tandem nurse. My milk supply gradually decreased and Gabe slowly started eating other foods. My milk supply had dwindled by the time I was 18 weeks pregnant, but Gabe, 21 months old at the time, was still very keen on nursing. And he didn’t starve himself! He didn’t even appear to notice the drop in my milk supply. He just nursed as normal and ate food to make up for not getting nutrition from nursing. He was not a picky eater. He ate what the rest of the family ate. For this I am very thankful.

    盖布18个月大的时候我再次怀孕了。我真心希望盖布能有充足的母乳吃到他两岁。我打算在整个孕期都继续哺乳,小宝宝出生以后再给他们一起进行手足哺乳。我的母乳量逐渐降低,而盖布也慢慢开始吃其它的食物。到我怀孕18周的时候,我的乳汁量已经变得很少了,而那时候21个月大的盖布仍然十分热衷于吃奶。他并没有挨饿。我甚至看不出他注意到了我的奶量已经减少了。他只是像往常一样吃奶,同时吃别的食物来补充没能通过吃奶获得的营养。他不挑食。他和我们吃相同的食物。对这一点我十分感激。

    Nursing during pregnancy was not painful, although it was uncomfortable from time to time. I believed Gabe deserved to nurse and decided I was not going to wean. This mindset helped me get through the uncomfortable times. Nursing also made it easier to rest with a busy toddler. He was still waking often at night to nurse, which did make me more tired, but it was manageable. By the end of my pregnancy, Gabe was 27 months old and not nursing a lot. He was sleeping through the night and nursing in the morning and at nap and bedtime.

    I knew I was going into labor when I nursed Gabe to sleep one evening, which made my still irregular contractions stronger. By the time he awoke the next morning, I was having regular contractions and had been in contact with my midwife. My husband took Gabe to my mom’s house across the street so that he would not want to nurse while I was having contractions.

    孕期哺乳尽管有时会感到不大舒服,但也并不痛苦。我确信应该给盖布喂奶,所以决定不给他断奶。这种心态帮助我渡过了那些不舒服的时刻。孩子专注于吃奶,哺乳时我很容易地可以休息。他还是经常在夜里醒来要吃奶,这虽然令我更加疲劳,但也还是不难处理的。到我生产时,盖布已经27个月大,不需要频繁喂奶了。他会连续睡上一整晚,只在早上醒来、白天小睡时和晚上入睡前才吃奶。有天晚上我喂奶哄盖布睡觉,不规则的强烈宫缩提示我快要临产了。到第二天早上他睡醒的时候,我的宫缩已经规律起来,而且我已经联络过接生护士了。我丈夫带盖布去了街对面的外婆家,这样他就不会在我正在分娩时要求吃奶。

    My daughter, Susanna, was born at home that afternoon. My mom and Gabe came over shortly after the birth and the first thing Gabe said was, “I want milk.” I was nursing Susanna at that time, but I let him latch on and I nursed them together.

    我女儿苏珊娜那天下午在家里出生了。我妈妈和盖布在她出生以后不一会儿就过来了,盖布说的第一句话是,“我想吃奶。”那时我正给苏珊娜喂奶,但我还是让盖布也来吸吮我的乳头,给他们兄妹俩一起喂了奶。

    During those first few days before my milk came in, my mom and Ryan tried to spend a lot of time with Gabe. I did not want him to nurse all the time, although I let him nurse as often as he had prior to Susanna’s birth. Unlike Gabe, who nursed every couple hours as a newborn, Susanna nursed continuously. I quickly reacquainted myself with nursing a baby in a sling! I later learned to nurse Gabe on the other side with Susanna in a sling. I learned how to do pretty much everything—cooking, helping Gabe use the bathroom, playing with Gabe, laundry—with Susanna nursing in the sling.I cannot think of another way to manage with a newborn and a toddler!

    在开始的几天,我的乳汁还不够多的时候,我妈妈和瑞安尽量花更多的时间陪伴盖布。尽管我没有因为苏珊娜出生而改变给盖布喂奶的频率,我还是不希望他一直吃。盖布刚出生时每两个小时要喂一次奶,但苏珊娜不同,她是断断续续地吃。我很快重新让自己熟练地用背巾给抱在怀里的宝宝哺乳。后来我学会了用背巾抱着苏珊娜的同时给盖布在另一边乳房哺乳。我学会了一边给背巾里的苏珊娜哺乳一边做不少事情——做饭,帮盖布上厕所,和盖布玩,洗衣服。我想不出还有别的什么办法来同时喂养一个新生儿和一个大孩子。

    We sleep in a family bed. We have a king-size futon and a twin futon on our bedroom floor. Gabe had been sleeping on the twin but moved himself back near me after Susanna’s birth, booting my husband to the twin. My husband doesn’t mind. I think he’s just glad that he gets to sleep all night, without waking to go get a baby who needs to nurse or to have to go comfort a toddler in another room. When the babies wake, they just nurse right there, not disturbing anyone. It can be a problem when Gabe wakes while Susanna is nursing because he has to wait. He accepts waiting but whines a little bit about it.

    我们全家睡在一起。我们卧室的地板上有一张特大号的床垫和一张双人床垫。盖布以前睡在双人床垫上,但是自从苏珊娜出生以后他就自己挪回来靠着我睡了,我丈夫就睡到了双人床垫上。我丈夫并不介意。我想他很高兴能在夜里睡个整觉了,再不用爬起来把需要吃奶的宝宝抱过来或是不得不到另外的房间去哄大些的孩子。当孩子醒了,他们躺在原处就可以吃奶,不会打扰任何人。不过如果盖布醒的时候苏珊娜正在吃奶,就可能会有点问题。他可以等待,但是会对此稍有抱怨。

    Sometimes I wake up nursing one of them with the other one whimpering and I’m not sure who is nursing and who is whimpering! Gabe started night waking again after Susanna was born, but by the time she was six weeks old, his night waking was minimal.

    有时候我醒来给他们中的一个喂奶而另一个就在旁边哼唧,我也不确定是哪一个在吃奶哪一个在哼唧。苏珊娜出生以后盖布又开始夜里醒来要吃奶了,但是到苏珊娜六个星期大的时候他吃夜奶的次数就非常少了。

    Gabe has shown only positive feelings toward Susanna. I know this is because he does not feel like he was replaced, and because his needs have been met. When she cries, her needs always come first and he seems to understand this. He is capable of carrying on a conversation and will say, “Susanna’s fussing, Susanna needs milk.” By seeing me tend to her immediately when she fusses, Gabe is learning how to take care of a baby. I suspect that he knows anyway but now he is seeing it from the outside instead of always being the one taken care of.

    盖布对苏珊娜表现得很友善。我知道这是因为我们没有让他有被替代的感觉,他的需要都能得到满足。当苏珊娜哭的时候,她的需求总会排在前面,而盖布似乎能够理解。他能够与我们交谈,并且会说:“苏珊娜着急了,苏珊娜要吃奶。”通过看着我在苏珊娜不安的时候立刻去照顾她,盖布也学习着如何照顾小宝宝。尽管他只是在旁观,但我猜想他会慢慢理解,不再总是被照顾的那一个了。

    We talked a lot about having a baby before she was born and he was accustomed to seeing babies and toddlers nurse at La Leche League meetings. I had a family member staying with me full time until Susanna was one month old.

    在苏珊娜出生前,我们经常聊起会有一个小宝宝,而且他在国际母乳会的聚会上已经适应了看到小宝宝和大孩子一起吃奶。我一直到苏珊娜满月前都有一个家人时刻陪在我身边。

    We staggered the grandmas’visits and my husband takingtime off work so that someone would always be here with me but the house would never be full of people. This worked out very well and I don’t know how I could have managed without someone to help me that first month! My helper primarily played with Gabe, which he loved.

    我们将祖母的探访和我丈夫的休假交错开来,这样就总有人在我身边帮忙,又不至于让屋子里有很多人。这个方法十分有效。在第一个月,要是没人帮忙,我的日子就会非常艰难。我的帮手主要是陪盖布玩耍,盖布也很喜欢这样。

    I think it would be much more challenging to have a weaned two-year-old and a newborn. Like any mom with two so young, I am always busy but in a positive way. I spend my time nursing and playing with my babies, as well as accomplishing basic household tasks. With Gabe’s needs met, I haven’t had to spend time preventing him from hitting the baby or managing temper tantrums. I have prioritized my household tasks and only set out to do the most important ones: grocery shopping, cooking nutritious meals, and laundry. My husband does the dishes and anything else that must be done.

    我想如果是同时照顾一个已经离乳的两岁孩子和一个新生儿,一定会困难得多。和任何带两个很小的宝宝的妈妈一样,我总是很忙碌但是我会用更积极的方式。我花时间喂奶和陪伴宝宝玩耍,同时我也花时间完成基本的家务。因为盖布的需求都能得到满足,我不必再花时间去防备他会打小宝宝或是应付他发脾气。我把我要做的家务按重要性排了序,然后只着手处理最重要的:日常用品采购,煮营养餐和洗衣服。我丈夫承担了饭后洗碗和其他所有必须做的部分。

    Gabe did start eating less and nursing more after Susanna’s birth, especially after the first month when I was alone with the children at home all day. He gradually started eating more as time went on. My mom tandem nursed my sister and me and has always told me it is very normal for a toddler to nurse more after the birth of a sibling.

    苏珊娜出生以后盖布开始吃更少的其他食物和更多的母乳,尤其在第一个月以后当我整天独自和孩子们呆在家里时。随着时间过去他渐渐地开始吃更多别的食物。我的妈妈就曾给我和我的姐妹一起喂奶,她总是对我说一个大孩子,在小弟弟或者小妹妹出生后要更多地吃奶,是正常的。

    I do tell Gabe “no” sometimes when he wants to nurse. He usually accepts this or waits without much of a fuss.

    有时盖布想要吃奶我也会跟他说不行。他通常能接受我的拒绝或者带着小小的不满等待一会儿。

    If I could have spaced the gap between my children however I wanted, not having to worry about other factors, I would have waited to get pregnant until my youngest was at least two.

    如果我那时候能够按照我的意愿拉大两个孩子的年龄间隔,而不需要考虑其他因素,我会等到最小的孩子至少两岁再怀孕。

    However, it is no bad thing having two under-threes—it is just very, very busy! I sleep when they sleep and I am not exhausted. I am happy to spend all my time with my two healthy, thriving children.

    然而,有两个不到三岁的孩子其实没什么不好——只是非常,非常忙碌!他们睡觉时我也睡觉,我没有感到透支。我很高兴把时间全都花在我两个健康强壮的孩子身上。

  • 独特的罢奶体验A Peculiar Nursing Strike

    独特的罢奶体验A Peculiar Nursing Strike

    图|国际母乳会中国图片库(图文无关)

    Shobha Shankarnarayan

    Yokohama, Japan日本横滨

    From New Beginnings, Vol. 25 No. 5, 2008, p. 26

    国际母乳会杂志《新起点》

    晓琳 译 Daisy、Eileen审稿

    It all began a few days after Tara turned a year old. She had been coughing a little during the week. One evening at the start of a feed she suddenly bit me and I screamed in pain. I‘‘m quite ashamed to say that the next couple of times she bit me I screamed for my husband to come. He then carried and rocked Tara to sleep and she nursed during the night, like she always did. Unfortunately, when she woke up the next morning, she began nursing with biting. Each time I took her off the breast and put her back on, it was only to be bitten again. After a few attempts, she stopped even opening her mouth when brought near my breast. She resisted strongly, turned away, or blew air at my nipple! This went on for the whole day. She would only nurse when she was napping. I was starting to feel sore from all the biting and pulling. By then, Tara‘‘s cough had worsened and she was developing congestion.

    一切都从Tara一岁后的几天开始。起初的一周她有点咳嗽。有一天晚上,刚开始喂奶,她突然咬了我,疼得我大叫。很难为情地讲,经受了接下来的几轮啃咬后,我大声尖叫喊来了我丈夫。他抱起Tara并摇晃着哄她睡觉。整个夜晚她像往常一样正常吃奶。可是,当第二天一早醒来,她又开始在吃奶时咬我。每次我把她抱离乳房然后重新准备喂奶时,结果总是被咬。几个回合后,当我让她靠近我的乳房时,她甚至紧闭其口。她强烈地反抗,将头扭到一边,或冲着我的乳头吹气。这种情况持续了一整天。只有在她小睡时才好好吃奶。在一次次的被咬和拉扯后我开始感觉有些恼火。就在那时,Tara咳嗽得更厉害了,并且出现鼻塞迹象。

    I went to the temple of knowledge — the Internet — to find some answers, and read that I certainly shouldn‘‘t have screamed when I was bitten. I discovered that babies sometimes bite when they have nasal congestion. We decided to take Tara to the doctor. Her cough got a lot better but the congestion took more than a month to disappear. I got in touch with my LLL Leader and she suggested what I was already doing — getting Tara to nap and then nursing her. She assured me that this was not a typical and complete nursing strike as Tara was still nursing at nights and while asleep.

    我上网寻求帮助,得知在遭受啃咬时尖叫是错误的。我发现当宝宝们鼻塞时有时会出现啃咬现象。于是我决定带她去看医生。之后,咳嗽得到明显改善,但鼻塞问题却持续了一个多月才消失。我跟国际母乳会的哺乳辅导取得联系。她建议依照我原有的措施,继续在Tara小睡的时候喂奶。她让我放心,这不是真正意义上的罢奶行为,因为Tara在夜间还正常吃奶。

    In an effort to get her to nurse, I would walk with her the whole day, strapped to my front, wear my shirt unbuttoned, and pop my breast in her mouth every time she nodded off to sleep. I kept strict tabs of the number of times she nursed in 24 hours. Meanwhile, I attended an LLL meeting and got more tips on getting Tara to nurse. One was to keep the breast available to Tara.

    为了让她吃奶,我尝试着把她绑在胸前,整天走来走去,解开内衣扣,时刻准备着在她昏昏欲睡的时候以闪电的速度把乳房塞到她嘴里。在一天的24小时里,我严格按照时间表掌控喂奶频率。同时,还参加国际母乳会聚会,掌握更多哺喂技巧。时刻为Tara准备好乳房就是我学到的众多技巧之一。

    I went back home and tried again, feeling very much like Mother Nature, without my shirt, “au naturel.” Tara continued to bite when she was awake. I was starting to panic, it had been a week since she started her peculiar daytime strike and I was slowly going out of my mind.

    从母乳会的聚会回家后,我再次尝试,充分感受自然的力量,没有内衣的束缚,完全裸露皮肤。在清醒时,Tara依然咬我。她开始这种奇特的日间罢工行为已经一周了,我开始恐慌,马上要疯掉了。

    I called my LLL Leader every few days and poured out all my troubles in her ear. She kept assuring me that Tara was getting the nutrition she needed from all the nighttime and naptime nursings. She was very supportive and gave me different ideas to try. Another Leader suggested I focus on making nutritious food available to Tara throughout the day. She assured me that this was a phase, that Tara was perhaps asserting her independence, and that things would get back to normal again. My Leaders assured me that since I had nursed Tara for a year already I would have enough milk but, if I wanted, I could pump and express my milk. I was in two minds about pumping to keep my supply up but I quickly gave up that idea.

    每隔几天我打电话给我的国际母乳会哺乳辅导,向她倾诉我的种种烦恼。她一直不断重申并使我坚信,Tara已经从每次的夜奶和小睡哺喂中获得了足够的营养。她不断为我提供支持,教给我更多办法让我尝试。另一名哺乳辅导建议我把精力放到如何为Tara制作营养美味的固体食物上。她向我保证,这仅仅是一个阶段性的表现,Tara也许仅仅是在对外宣称自己的独立而已,很快会恢复正常的。既然我已经成功母乳喂养Tara一年了,说明奶量足够,但如果我愿意,可以用吸奶器吸奶维持奶量。起初,我对靠吸奶这种方式维持奶量的说法半信半疑,但后来放弃了这个想法。

    My husband and I decided to concentrate on getting Tara to nurse during naps and at nighttime and to keep offering her healthy food during the day. I missed Tara‘‘s nursing more than I imagined was possible and I felt like a total failure. I missed her dimpled smile and her baby talk when she finished nursing to go to crawl and play.

    我丈夫和我决定集中精力,在Tara白天小睡和夜晚酣睡的时间段喂奶,白天为她提供健康的固体食物。实际上我想念喂奶的时光远远超出预期,感觉自己是个彻头彻尾的失败者。我思念她喝饱奶后玩耍时挂着酒窝的笑颜和咿呀童语。

    One day, almost three weeks after she had started her daytime strike, while taking my friend and her little son out to show them the sights of Tokyo, Tara tested my patience by refusing even the smallest quantity of solid food and by not having a nap. For most of the day, I was a highly emotional sobbing mess. It was way past lunchtime and we settled on a restaurant to have our lunch, where Tara further refused more solids. Out of sheer frustration (and habit), I simply put her to my breast and right there in that restaurant she began nursing. I could not believe it! Later that evening, she nursed while awake. And thus Tara ended her strange daytime nursing strike.

    在Tara开始日间罢工的三周后的某一天,我正带着朋友和她的小儿子在东京游览观光,Tara挑战了我的耐心极限。她拒绝进食任何固体食物,而且一副毫无困倦的样子。大半天,我都沉浸在郁郁寡欢的抽泣中不能自拔。午餐时间段已过,我们走进一家餐馆准备享用午餐,Tara依然拒绝进食固体食物。在巨大的挫败感的打击下,我下意识地把她抱到胸前,她就在餐馆里堂而皇之地吃起奶来。简直难以置信!那天晚上,她还是醒着把奶吃完的。至此,Tara结束了她那奇特的日间罢奶行为。

    All through the strike, my husband stuck to being the great guy he always is. He kept telling me that Tara would surely resume nursing. He would carry her until she fell asleep and then I would rush to the bed to nurse her. We had synchronized that process almost perfectly. My family kept advising me not to worry excessively about Tara‘‘s eating as congestion does affect children‘‘s appetite. My in-laws were very supportive, too, and conducted special prayers for Tara to resume nursing.

    回望这段日子,我的丈夫依然保持着他一贯的好男人本色。他一直对我说,Tara一定会恢复正常的。他总是抱着她哄她入睡,这时我则冲到床上抓紧时机喂奶。我们步调一致,配合默契。我的家庭劝慰我不要过度焦虑,因为鼻塞确实会对孩子们的食欲产生影响。我丈夫这边的亲友们也给了我莫大的支持,还安排了专人为Tara祈祷。

    For mothers who face nursing strikes, I hope my story will help you be patient and not give up. Some helpful tips I received were:

    经历同样状况的妈妈们,希望我的故事能帮助你们学会忍耐和坚持。以下技巧有助于您克服困难:

    • Try to nurse your baby when she is about to wake — she might remember how wonderful nursing is if she wakes up while nursing.
    • 在宝宝即将醒来时喂奶。这也许能唤起她醒着吃奶时的美妙感觉。

    • Try to nurse your baby while she is asleep — she might nurse, out of habit, meeting her nutritional needs.
    • 在宝宝睡着时喂奶。出于本能,她也许会吃奶以满足身体的营养需求。

    • Keep your baby close to you. The moment she expresses an interest in nursing, you will be able to offer her your milk.
    • 让宝宝靠近你,不离左右。当宝宝表现出对吃奶的兴趣时,你就能顺其自然开始喂奶了。

    • Try some games, like nursing her toys and telling her that her toys are very happy nursing.
    • 通过游戏的方式。比如给她的玩偶喂奶并且告诉她玩偶的幸福感觉。

    • Wear clothing that will allow your baby easy access to your breasts or wear your baby skin-to-skin.
    • 穿方便随时哺乳的衣服,让宝宝随时能找到乳房;或用背巾等辅助用品把宝宝挂在身上,帮助你们获得肌肤相亲的亲密接触。

    • Bathing together might relax your baby to such an extent that she might resume nursing.
    • 与宝宝共浴也许能使宝宝放松,使其重回正常吃奶的节奏。

    • Try to remain calm.
    • ·保持镇静。
  • 哺乳三胞胎学步儿Breastfeeding Triplet Toddlers—-Davina Wright

    作者:Davina Wright, Hong Kong Lantau Group

    翻译:Victoria,审阅:Missy,Daisy

    再过几周,我的三胞胎就满三岁了。他们走啊说啊,他们好奇而外向,他们吃三餐加上零食,用杯子喝水,他们的乳牙都出齐了,他们很独立——同时他们仍在吃奶。

     

    我们并不是在一开始就做到亲喂母乳的。我的三胞胎在34周出生,对于三胞胎而言,这个怀孕周数算是很不错了,但对于宝宝们如何马上掌握母乳喂养的诀窍来说,他们仍然有点小。他们通过鼻饲管进食我最初的几滴珍贵的初乳,三天后是我的成熟乳。我很幸运因为奶量充足,能够满足我所有宝宝们对母乳的需求。我的身体孕育了三个宝宝,接下来纯母乳喂养三个宝宝,同时,母乳喂养还有助于养育和抚慰他们——我为这些事情感到非常骄傲。

    当我怀孕时,我知道我要母乳喂养(虽然几年前我做过隆胸手术),所以我努力研究它,在google上搜索我能找到的关于如何为三胞胎哺乳的所有资讯。我很惊讶,已有的资讯并不多。我找到几个母乳喂养三胞胎的妈妈们的博客,认识到这是可行的。我几乎是在为其他人开辟道路。现在你在网上可以找到专门的三胞胎哺乳小组,以及很多提倡用多种方法来母乳喂养三胞胎的文章(有一些是我写的),还有三胞胎妈妈的更多博客,以及我参与制作的录影剪辑,展示多少女性成功为她们的三胞胎哺乳。我对我所参与的倡导母乳喂养三胞胎感到很骄傲,我把自己的经验转化为让世界各地其他人受益的东西。

    我们是怎样运作的呢?“你怎么做到的?”是我最常被问到的问题。我总是按需而不是按时喂养孩子们。他们形成了自己的哺乳和睡眠习惯,每个孩子都大不相同。在早期关键是哺乳频率:三个宝宝都经历过猛长期,密集哺乳,长牙,夜醒和可怕的“午夜时刻”(实际上差不多有三至四个小时!),此间除了哺乳外,很难做其他事情。当他们长大了一些,哺乳频率没有减少,但是喂饱每个宝宝的时间大大缩短了,不再是每个宝宝需要30到45分钟,而是每个宝宝10到15分钟就吃好了,实在太棒了。

    在孩子18个月以后,我们面临的最大问题是竞争和不愿等待。很多人可能会认为三胞胎天生有分享能力,可能以后他们会,但在这个年纪,他们需要乳房并且现在就需要!在他们等待时,我总是想做些什么让第三个孩子高兴。最后,我告诉他们等待的那个孩子将吃到两侧乳房而不是只吃一侧。当这个方法开始失去吸引力的时候,我还增加了一个“等待盒”,一个装满了我的小玩意的小盒子,让他们感到着迷的小物件,他们会坐下来挑选直到他们吃到两侧乳房的奶。现在我们不再那么按需喂养了,尽管如果某个孩子在度过艰难时光或者受伤了时,需要乳房安慰,我会喂奶。但是现在我们拥有可以商量的界限。我在他们小睡或晚上的时候给他们奶睡,我在他们早上起来和小睡起来马上给他们喂奶,差不多就是这样。

    我是全职妈妈和一个很棒的多面手,因此我可以让所有需要做的事情都安排妥当。现在哺乳只占我每天很短的时间,这并不干扰我完成其他事情或者拥有自己的时间,就和养育三胞胎学步儿们一样简单!其实,这些日子以来,哺乳就像一种休息,因为它需要我要么躺下,要么是翘起双脚坐下,所以,谁会因此而抱怨呢?

    我知道很多人认为婴儿期以后的哺乳不是惯例,我知道有很多人会对此有看法,但是我想说的是这对于我的家庭很奏效。这是我的孩子们喜欢、我也喜欢的事情:对于每个孩子都是一对一的相处时刻,一段我能奶睡他们的平静时光,一种安抚难过和治愈磕碰、擦伤和发脾气的能力。在经常充斥噪音、对抗、需求和近似疯狂的生活中,哺乳对于我们母子是一个小小避难所。

    为三胞胎哺乳绝不仅仅是提供营养,还有安慰和联结,母乳喂养提供抗体、有益健康,它是放松的转换方式,让孩子入睡的简单方法。我知道我很幸运无需和乳腺炎抗争,我没有被咬伤,我没有经历过厌奶,我无需面对许多其他女性可能面临的困难,因此对于我们而言,继续这段母乳喂养的旅程很容易。

    我不知道我们的哺乳会终止于何时。这是一件随着我的宝宝们长大和改变而相应发展和变化的事情。我们有很多其他的联结方式,但我仍然热爱喂奶这种联结,孩子们也是,所以我想现在我们就继续目前这样好了。

    文章来源:Close to the Heart Mid-Year 2015

  • 母乳——给您的“学步儿”带来什么?

    母乳——给您的“学步儿”带来什么?

    作者:雯雯(广州) 审校:Victoria,Daisy

    写于2016年12月31日

    今天是2016年的最后一天,持续母乳喂养宝宝也快23个月了,至今我还是希望这份情感能在他的成长中,继续细腻地流淌,一直到离乳、到长大。

    这个月,宝宝因为过敏、碰伤、流涕、咳嗽,先后看了四次医生,这些经历给我带来很深的感触,因此,我想分享一下,母乳喂养对于一个学步儿来说,能带来什么呢?

    甜蜜和幸福

    国际母乳会广州小组的哺乳辅导敏怡在最近一次月度聚会上分享,她问她的孩子为什么要吃neinei,孩子说:“因为neinei是甜的”!我对此深有同感。我是一个上班妈妈,在宝宝学步期的时候,他基本固定几个吃奶的时间段:上班再见奶、下班见面奶、睡前奶、夜奶,休息不定时吃奶。每次他吃奶的时候,都是很开心的叫“neinei”,或许在孩子的嘴里,母乳就是甘甜的,在妈妈的怀里吃奶,感觉也是很甜蜜的!作为妈妈的我,同样也是感受到这份甜蜜和幸福!

    恒温的“爱”

    母乳是恒温的37度,亲喂的宝宝能感受妈妈的体温和母乳温度的融合,肚子里是温温的,心里也是暖暖的,母乳爱一下子充满了妈妈和宝宝的身体,这是一切代乳品无法取代的!孩子爸爸很支持我母乳喂养,他常说:“想到如果要夜醒冲奶粉,大冷天的还要起床弄这弄那,我一定会崩溃的!”(因为他身边有不少这样的例子)。所以,为宝宝和家人保持这份恒温的“爱”,不也是一件幸福的事情吗?

    宝宝说“正!”

    记得他碰伤嘴的那天,因为下唇的里外都受伤了,他疼到24小时不吃不喝,后来睡醒之后,他就吃喝了,我把母乳挤出来倒在杯子里面,他一看到就说“neinei”,他一喝,眼睛眯成一条线的笑着说“neinei”、“妈妈”(是妈妈的neinei),问他“正唔正啊?”(广东话),他还是笑着说“正”!睡前他也恢复正常的奶睡,那瞬间,我一下子放下了一天的担忧!那一刹那,我感觉幸好还在哺乳,他还能在受伤之后,除了得到粮食和营养,还能在妈妈温暖的怀抱里得到爱和安慰;我也能更快地释怀,跟宝宝一样,我的感觉也是——“好正”!

    能量满满

    宝宝因为过敏和其它不适,因此有不少东西他都需要戒口,高蛋白的东西少吃,这段时间他都吃得很清淡,幸好有母乳,虽然是在生病的状态,但是他吃起来也是“吧唧吧唧”的。我感觉他能从自身的调节中,不知不觉地从妈妈的neinei里获取更多他所需要的能量!每天他能从母乳中除了获取营养以外,还能获取抗体和能量,让他的身体尽快恢复,这也是只有母乳能给他的专属能源!

    亲近平和

    宝宝天生都会亲近妈妈的,特别是对于一个学步儿来说,常会遇到磕磕碰碰,因为语言还没发展完全,也会难以表达内心的想法,大多可能会用哭或其它行为来表达自己的情绪;而母乳亲喂,则能让宝宝在惊慌失措或受伤疼痛的小世界里得到安慰,它可以平复宝宝心情,可以哄宝宝入睡,可以提供安全感;也可以让妈妈和宝宝在哺乳过程中,共同倾听内心的声音,让我们有充分的连接感并由此给我们带来的内心平和。

    母乳—真是一颗“灵丹妙药”,古语也有说“有奶便是娘(粮)”,不管是哪个字,其实都已充分验证宝宝需要妈妈,需要的正是母乳这一最天然的食物。

    或许,母乳喂养至1岁,很多人还是会理解和支持的;然而母乳喂养一个学步儿(1-3岁的孩子),则似乎会迎来异样的目光。庆幸的是,我找到了“国际母乳会”,参加了月度聚会,认识了广州小组的哺乳辅导敏怡,她给了我很大的帮助和支持,还有很多有经验的妈妈。我能从一开始的质疑、不淡定到现在能从容、自信地告诉身边的亲朋好友,“母乳喂养是最自然的哺喂方式,母乳也是给宝宝最好的食物,我会尽量地哺乳至他自然离乳”。

    感恩在我母乳喂养路上帮助和支持过我的朋友,希望我的经历,能和其它的母乳妈妈一起共勉,坚持我所相信的——幸福妈妈,母乳宝宝!

  • 漫漫一年母乳路 —— Greatmatch

    漫漫一年母乳路 —— Greatmatch

    图|国际母乳会中国图片库(图文无关)

    作者:Greatmatch(母乳爸爸)

    孩子还没出世,我就和孩子他妈以及爷爷奶奶达成了共识:坚持母乳喂养。当时我这么做是基于一个很朴素的理念:牛的奶,怎么可能会比人的奶更适合人类的宝宝呢?可实践了才知道,想要坚持母乳喂养,可不是一件那么容易的事情。

    连锁反应,从至关重要的第一口奶开始:
    我们家的是剖腹产。生下来医生说,母乳没那么快,来得会要慢一点。于是在这母乳还没到,孩子又要吃的真空期怎么办?孩子哇哇哭,哭得我们腿脚发软。这是刚刚来到世上的心肝宝贝呀,能忍心他挨饿?就顺理成章地给他喂了奶粉了。当时我觉得略有不妥,但不知错在哪里。后来才知道,那是孩子来到人世间的第一口奶啊!对孩子的影响是很大的。不少孩子第一口奶吃了奶粉以后,就往往会坚持要吃奶粉,对母乳没兴趣了。

    宝宝果然产生了奶粉依赖。好在后来坚持让它吮吸妈妈的乳头,于是母乳也能喝一点,于是就这么半母乳半奶粉地混合喂养着。可是不多久,孩子他妈开始抱怨,奶水越来越不够吃了。于是奶粉也就喂得越来越多了。这样下去,怎么能改成母乳喂养呢?

    家里着急啊,于是做各种猪脚汤,木瓜汤之类的,希望奶水多一点,可是效果不明显。妈妈也很自责,总是哀叹“我奶水少啊,没办法”。做父母的,谁愿意自己孩子挨饿呢?所以,一方面喂牛奶,另一方面,妈妈担心乳房里存的奶水不够,所以总是等到涨奶的时候才给他喂个饱。眼看着喂奶粉的比例越来越高,再这样下去快要变成纯奶粉了。我们着急,可是没办法。

    就在这时,事情发生了转机。当时三聚氰胺奶粉事件闹得沸沸扬扬,所以我们也都是去香港买的奶粉。刚好那时全家的港澳通行证都用完了,一时间来不及再办。于是,孩子他妈担心还没办好奶粉就吃光了,就开始“节省”奶粉喂养,尽量给孩子多喂母乳。不像平时那样等到涨奶才喂,而是即使没有奶水也继续给他乳头哄哄他,实在不得已才用奶粉。

    大约一个星期以后,孩子他妈的奶水越来越足,先是夜里可以纯母乳,再过几天,白天也可以不喂牛奶了,可以全天母乳了!我笑话老婆说“你看你,刚出生时还说你奶水不足,现在几个月了都能喂饱”。老婆也很有成就感。

    为了了解为什么会这样,我做了功课,才发现:原来人类的本能,当妈妈的乳房在没奶时被吮吸多了以后,会给妈妈的身体一个信号“奶水不足啦”,于是妈妈的身体就会自动增加产奶量,反过来吮吸得少,涨奶,说明奶水过多,妈妈的产奶就会自动减少。这是自然的平衡。所以,如果给孩子喂了奶粉,孩子饱了就不吮吸了,吮吸量减少,奶水产量也就跟着减少,就真的“奶水不足”了。反之,尽量减少喂奶粉,整天抱着宝宝给他吮吸,奶水就会涨到正常所需。(据统计绝大多数妈妈的奶水都是够吃的。)

    想想当初为什么会折腾这么久, 和“第一口奶”给喂了奶粉也有着很大的关系,导致宝宝产生了依赖。而第一口奶喂奶粉的原因,又是因为剖腹产开刀后不能坐起,只能躺着,不便喂奶。其实剖腹产妈妈,坐不起来的时候也可以用“侧躺喂奶法”。只是这种方法需要一点耐心和时间。妈妈完全可以通过不断练习,和宝宝一起反复尝试,找到她们双方都舒服的侧躺姿势。生产后尽早哺乳,对于成功的母乳喂养是非常重要的。

    在我家宝宝成功的转成全母乳喂养以后。我们的压力顿时减轻了很多,不用再听到宝宝哭就赶紧冲泡奶粉,洗奶瓶,温奶,消毒了,我也不必再频繁地奔波香港买奶粉了。
    上一张宝宝刚从奶粉转成母乳时的照片,小家伙,你这是要给妈妈的母乳点赞吗?

    谁知好景不长,没多久又生了变故:有老婆做护士的同学来我家看宝宝,其间同学说了一句话:还是奶粉好,因为婴儿奶粉,厂家把各种营养都配方进去了,很全面。母乳可就不一定喽。此言一出,本来坚决支持母乳喂养的爷爷奶奶立刻变卦。要求孩子一定要喂奶粉了。怎么讲道理都不顶用。届时,孩子已经喜欢上了母乳,不喜欢奶瓶了,可爷爷奶奶仍然要强行喂,想着他们也是一片好心,我们也不好怎么顶撞。为了说服老人家,我们再次做了功课,发现其实,就连奶粉厂商,自己都承认:母乳是婴儿最好的食物,婴儿奶粉只是母乳的替代品。

    这一句话被印在了每个正规厂家出的婴儿奶粉(1段)的外壳上。就像香烟盒子上的“吸烟有害健康”一样。如果某一天,科学证明了配方奶粉真的比母乳还要好的时候,奶粉商还会愿意继续在外壳上印上这一段话吗?一定不会的。而且还会大张旗鼓的宣扬他们的奶粉比母乳要好。至少到目前为止,世界上还没有哪个奶粉厂家敢说出这样的话。

    此外,从医学的角度,婴儿奶粉里,各种营养成分确实配得很全面,但吸收率却远不及母乳。比如缺钙的人,是否连吃一瓶钙片,就马上治好缺钙了呢?不是,因为吃进去没法吸收那么多。同样母乳的成分是最适合人类的,不但营养全面,而且宝宝吸收得也全面。相比之下奶粉消化吸收得慢一些。这样奶粉喂养的也就看上去“耐饿”一些。做了这么多功课,把奶粉奶粉拿给老人家看,虽然不能完全说服,但他们的态度也有了改变,不再要求喝奶粉为主,而是以母乳为主,奶粉为辅了。

    给宝宝喂奶,白天还好,晚上比较辛苦,孩子一哭,孩子他妈就得立刻起床抱着宝宝喂奶。为了减轻老婆的负担,每次我也跟着起床帮忙摆枕头(垫着方便喂奶),拿板凳垫脚,拿毛巾。倒一杯温水给老婆(因为喂奶的妈妈会比较容易口渴)。此外还买了一块护腕,来解决老婆抱着宝宝喂奶容易手腕疼痛的问题。其实后来发现完全可以在晚上躺着喂奶,这样妈妈和宝宝,以及家人都可以得到最多的休息,不必非要坐起来。其间还闹了个笑话,夜里宝宝哭了,我急忙起床做好各项工作,完事儿后又躺下睡着,忽然又听到老婆不断喊我起床的声音我惊讶的睁开眼睛一看,原来刚刚我起床做事,都是在做梦啊……

    后来我们去社保给宝宝体检的时候,社保医生一看说“你们家是喂母乳的吧?”我们惊讶道“这你也能看出来?”医生笑道“喂母乳的宝宝四肢比较匀称,不像喂奶粉的有婴儿肥”。医生的这番话顿时让我们觉得,之前的付出,都是值得的。

    过了一段时间,我们又面临一个新的问题:孩子他妈要上班了,宝宝又隔两个小时就要吃,怎么办?通过学习,我们知道,原来上班族也可以用吸奶器把奶水吸出来,再用保温杯带冰块带回去。于是,我们也加入了背奶一族。

    每次看到宝宝哭闹时,塞给他乳头,立刻不哭了,安静和“贪婪的”大吃起来,就忍不住想笑。看着宝宝吃奶时望着妈妈那依赖和纯净清澈的眼神,我就有一种幸福感。看着宝宝吃饱后眼睛一闭,小嘴一抿地向后一倒,又有一种满足感和成就感。

    看着周围许多妈妈因为各种困难而不得不放弃母乳喂养,我们感觉很难过,因为母乳喂养真的是上天赐予孩子和母亲的珍贵礼物,希望我们的故事能够给更多的家庭以信心、支持和鼓励。让我们共勉!

    成稿日期:2014年10月 宝宝现在两岁10个月

  • 我的母乳故事 —— 林甜甜

    我的母乳故事 —— 林甜甜

    图|国际母乳会中国图片库(图文无关)

    这是我的第一个母亲节,心里并没有太多激动的情绪,但是想起9个月的母乳喂养生涯,总会觉得有好多话想说。

    2011年冬,一个小生命在我的肚子里萌芽,怀孕后,我便放下工作在家专心待产,在家闲来无聊,天天看微博,和群里的准妈妈们侃大山,讨论宝宝的姓别、孕期怎么加强营养、待产包等等,当中最重要的就是奶粉,在刚怀孕的时候先生的表妹和我说:以后宝宝别给吃母乳,一出生就给吃奶粉,这样才能控制摄入量。当时听了并不以为意,只想着我肯定会给宝宝吃母乳,谁都知道母乳最好,但是我以为除去母乳,奶粉也是必需品。在孕中期,我也一直不停地做奶粉的功课,寻找着所谓配方最佳、最接近母乳的奶粉。

    某天和群里已经生完的妈妈们聊天,我突然听到了“纯母乳喂养”这样的名词,纯母乳喂养就是不用加奶粉么?我带着疑问开始搜寻各种论坛,经过她们的推荐我又看了《西尔斯亲密育儿百科》、小巫的《成功渡过母爱第一关》,发现原来自己包括身边的很多人,都陷入了一个深深的误区,也可以说是被奶粉商那天花乱坠的广告给忽悠了。我将研究奶粉的精力投入到学习母乳喂养的知识中来,并发动先生一起来学习。

    2012年8月5日23:26,我的宝贝出生,当时正值夏天,我便给他取小名为summer。刚出生时,医生给他做了检查和简单的清理之后,便让我把衣服敞开,将他抱给我,他光着身体趴在我的胸口,我看着他还发紫的皮肤,那种感觉很奇妙,我甚至还来不及感受当妈妈的心情,也不知道怎么和他沟通,只是看着他;大概过了20分钟左右,医生将他抱走,给他穿好衣服又抱回我身边,让我给他吸奶,summer一接触到乳头便大口吸上去,就这样实现了早接触、早吸吮、早开奶;现在回想,可能是当时在我心里并没有产生那种如果不能实现就非要如何的想法,那种懵懂的感觉让自己比较轻松,没给心里带来太多压力,所以感觉一切都是这么地自然,那么地水到渠成,当然也非常感谢自己生产的医院,如果医院产房里没有这样的一系列措施,我也就错过了这一切。

    实现了宝宝第一口奶的吸吮,接下来的事情便是那么地理所当然,他醒来就给他吸奶,完全不会有要添加奶粉的想法,也不会想自己是不是没奶,只是觉得宝宝吃自己的奶那是多么天经地义的事。宝宝乖乖的过了第一天,到了第二晚,开始哭闹,当时,在我的认知里我只知道宝宝从肚子里带出来的能量足够他渡过前三天,还不知道有第二晚哭闹,他哭我给他吸奶,吃完放下后一会儿又哭,当时真有种束手无策的感觉,我可以对别人说宝宝生下来不用给吃奶粉,能量足够撑三天,可是当自己亲身经历着,突然觉得现实和理论的差距怎么这么遥远,我为是否需要加奶粉摇摆不定,在医院里照顾我的婆婆说:要不然就给一点点奶粉吧,就一点点。我听着宝宝的哭声点点头,婆婆准备开水,冲了半勺奶,等放凉能喝的时候,小子给力,睡着了,婆婆端着奶看着他,我说给我喝了吧,就这样summer长这么大唯一泡过一次奶粉,还是让为娘的我自己喝了。

    出院回到家,专心的当起了奶牛,给他吃一次睡三个小时,很有规律,到了第二十天左右,奶好像突然不够吃了,summer每隔一个小时就醒来要吃奶,自己的乳房也扁扁的,好像他怎么吸都吸不到东西,我查了资料,一切都是猛长期的表现,亲戚来家里,对着我一直说我没有奶,听了很不是滋味,虽然有理论支持,就像我上面说的,亲身经历的时候,还是觉得理论和现实有差距,更重要的是身边没有一个权威的人士来肯定自己的行为,而对亲戚朋友的话,我心里虽然也稍有不安,但脸上还是摆出一副你们懂什么的样子,如果自己都不肯定自己,那很快就会被周边的意见和经验论打倒,同时我有空的时候不断的学习母乳知识,觉得自己内心慢慢强大起来;在这里我真的非常感谢自己的先生,不管有多少反对的声音,他都坚决的站在我这边,如果没有他,我也可能会像很多妈妈那样“被没奶”。

    出了月子后一切都很顺利,summer白白胖胖的,非常可爱,到今天刚满9个月多4天,我的母乳喂养生涯不会在9个月终止,我还在继续母乳,到summer长大,自己不想再吃奶的那一天为止。