12 月
母乳喂养、分娩和 COVID-19（新冠肺炎）
翻译 许悦
审稿 Marien, Victoria
2020年4月16日，美国北卡罗来纳州拉雷市
许多人要求国际母乳会 (LLLI) 提供有关与分娩和母乳喂养有关的冠状病毒的最新信息。我们继续强调母乳喂养所有婴儿的重要性，无论是新生儿还是年龄较大的婴儿，以及是否检测出新冠阳性。当一个家庭做出分娩和婴儿喂养的决定时，了解母乳喂养的好处和不母乳喂养的风险对他们很重要。
母乳喂养是保护婴儿免于生病或在婴儿生病时减轻婴儿疾病严重程度的最佳方法。
国际母乳会支持世界卫生组织 (WHO) 关于出生后立即进行母乳喂养的建议，即使新冠肺炎检测结果呈阳性的情况下也是如此。假如母亲是新冠确诊或密切接触者，母乳喂养对她的婴儿非常重要。尤其关键的是，所有新生儿在出生后一小时内得到母乳喂养支持，这样他们才能从初乳提供的免疫成分中受益。
当母乳妈妈生病了，除非医学上有指证，否则不要中断母乳喂养。当家庭的任何成员被暴露在病毒面前时，婴儿也不例外。中断母乳喂养实际上都可能增加婴儿生病甚至重病的风险。
当母亲生病严重，无法进行母乳喂养时，应该得到手挤奶或吸奶的支持，这样婴儿仍然可以吃到母乳。如果无法做到这一点，WHO建议将捐赠母乳作为下一个最佳喂养选择，因为捐赠母乳将含有母乳代用品中没有的免疫成分。应提供有关重新泌乳的信息，以及提供在健康状况改善时帮助让婴儿回到乳房的支持。
世界卫生组织已为新冠肺炎检测呈阳性的人群发布了与怀孕、分娩和母乳喂养相关的最新信息。该中文版信息可在以下链接找到：
国际母乳会鼓励家庭根据可靠的信息和与知识渊博的专业人士的讨论做出明智的决定。
信息来源将在以下链接中提供：
https://www.llli.org/covid-19-references/
【公众号发布时这里添加上次翻译新冠常见问题FAQ的文章的链接】
一旦有其他新信息，我们将更新相关资源。请经常回来查看内容更新。
Breastfeeding, Childbirth, and COVID-19
16 April 2020, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Many people have asked for information updates from La Leche League International (LLLI) regarding coronavirus in relation to childbirth and breastfeeding. We continue to emphasize the critical importance of breastfeeding all babies whether newly born or older and whether someone has tested positive for COVID-19 or not. Being knowledgeable about the benefits of breastfeeding and risks of not breastfeeding is important for families as they make childbirth and infant feeding decisions.
Breastfeeding is the best means of protecting a baby from getting sick or of reducing the severity of a baby’s illness if a baby does become ill.
LLLI supports the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for breastfeeding immediately after birth even when a positive COVID-19 test has been obtained. Breastfeeding is important for an infant who is born to anyone who tests positive for COVID-19 or who has a close family member who has tested positive. It is critical that all newborns be supported in breastfeeding within one hour after birth so they can benefit from the immunological components that colostrum provides.
If someone who is breastfeeding becomes ill, it is important not to interrupt breastfeeding unless it becomes medically necessary. When any member of the family has been exposed, the infant has been exposed. Any interruption of breastfeeding may actually increase the infant’s risk of becoming ill and even of becoming severely ill.
Mothers who become too ill to breastfeed should be supported in expressing or pumping so that the baby can still be given the milk. If that is not possible, donor milk is recommended by the WHO as the next best feeding option, as donor milk will contain immunological components not available in human milk substitutes. Information about relactation should be offered, along with support to help get the baby back to the breast when health improves.
The WHO has issued updated information related to pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding for anyone who tests positive for COVID-19. That information may be found at:
https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-on-covid-19-pregnancy-childbirth-and-breastfeeding
LLLI encourages families to make informed decisions based on reliable information and discussions with knowledgeable professionals.
Sources of information will be provided at the following link:
https://www.llli.org/covid-19-references/
We will update these resources as new information becomes available. Please check back for updates frequently.