如何回应批评Responding to Criticism

Marianne Vakiener
VA USA
From: NEW BEGINNINGS, Vol. 16 No. 4, July-August 1999, pp. 116-19
来源：新起点，第16卷第四期，1999年7-8月，P116-119

王冬 阮婧婧 译 Shiuh-jane，Daisy 审校

Several years ago, when my first child was around two, my husband’s younger sister joined us on vacation. While we were walking near the beach one afternoon, my son, David, asked to nurse. My sister-in-law asked with surprise, “He‘‘s still nursing?” Time almost stood still for me as possible responses ran through my head. I decided that my sister-in-law, who was not even thinking of having children yet, actually knew very little about breastfeeding and was simply expressing surprise that a baby could nurse as long as two years. I took a deep breath and said, as calmly as I could, “Yes, isn‘‘t that wonderful? I‘‘m really proud that we‘‘ve been able to keep it up so long especially because I went back to work part-time.” She seemed satisfied by my answer and the moment passed, leaving both of us with our dignities intact.

几年以前，当我的第一个孩子差不多两岁的时候，我丈夫的妹妹到我家与我们一起度假。一天下午，我们在海滩上散步，我的儿子大卫想要吃奶。我的小姑子很惊讶地问：“他还在吃奶吗？”时间仿佛停滞，所有可能的应对均在我脑中闪现。我的小姑子还从来没有想过要孩子，我想实际上她对母乳喂养了解很少，就因为如此，她才对孩子可以吃奶到两岁如此地惊讶。我深深吸了一口气以平复心情，然后说：“是的，是不是好极了？尤其是在我开始做一些兼职工作之后还能坚持下来，我为此感到很骄傲。”她看起来对我的回答很满意，我们俩人的尊严都完好无损。

Many of us know just what to say in such tough situations- the only problem is timing. The perfect reply comes to us later, perhaps while we‘‘re driving or taking a shower. Unfortunately, no one is there in the car or the bathroom to hear that clever, insightful reply!

我们中的很多人都知道在这种情况下如何回应——关键问题是时机。完美的回答总是稍后才来，也许就在我们开车或是淋浴的时候。不幸的是，在车里或者浴室里没人能听到这么聪明和有见解的回答。

At La Leche League meetings, mothers are often encouraged to trust their instincts and pay attention to their mothering intuition. In a perfect world, a mother‘‘s inner voice would be clear, consistent, and always right. And, in a perfect world, the other people in our lives would respect the wisdom of our intuition and our autonomy in making parenting decisions. Yet in reality, there are times when every mother doubts herself and there are times when other people question parents choices and even express disapproval.

在国际母乳会的聚会上，母亲们经常得到鼓励，让她们相信自己的本能和关注她们的母性直觉。如果这个世界很完美，一位母亲内心的声音将会是清晰的、坚定的和正确的，而且生活中的其他人将尊重她们明智的直觉和抚养孩子的自主权。但实际上，每个母亲都会有怀疑自己的时候，也会有其他人质疑甚至是反对父母的选择的时候。

What a strange undertaking it is to be a parent! In a way it is simple- you give birth or you adopt a baby. Yet the process of becoming a parent really extends over some time. From the moment you hold your baby in your arms through birthdays and illnesses and developmental milestones, you are always learning more about the job of motherhood. But all the training is on-the-job. As part of our on-the-job training we face the task of learning to respond to questions and comments about how we ate raising our children. How we respond depends upon the source of the comments (who), the underlying reason for the criticism (why), the topic (what), and the place it happens (where).

做父母是多么奇怪的一项工作工啊！成为父母是很简单的——只要你生育孩子或者收养孩子。然而做父母的历程才刚刚开始。从抱起宝宝的那一刻起，当孩子过生日、生病或是取得新的进步时，你一直都在学习怎么样成为一个更好的父母。但是所有的训练都是在职培训。作为在职培训的一部分，我们要面对如何回应在孩子的养育问题上他人提出的质疑和批评。如何回答取决于很多因素，是谁提出的批评，批评的内在原因是什么，批评的内容是什么以及批评发生的地点在哪里。

Questions and comments can come from several sources. Grandparents may be the most common commentators. Sometimes these comments are more pointed if you have the first grandchild in the family or are the first to breastfeed a baby. “Are you still starving my grandson?” said one father-in-law to the mother of a seven-day-old baby. As upsetting as it can be to hear criticism from grandparents, criticism from our parenting partner can feel most like a stab in the heart. We may also hear such comments from our friends (whether they are parents or not), our neighbors, our siblings and other family members. Many parents have had the experience of a random stranger‘‘s unsolicited comment. “Oh, it‘‘s so cold out today. Where is your baby‘‘s hat?”

质疑和批评可能来自很多人。祖父母也许是最常见的评论员。如果你的孩子是这个家族中第一个孙子或者孙女，或者是第一个母乳喂养的宝宝，有时这种批评会更多。“你是不是在让我的孙子饿着？”一位祖父对着出生七天的宝宝的妈妈说。来自于祖父母或者伴侣的批评就像一根刺一样，刺痛母亲的心。我们也有可能从我们的朋友（不管他们是不是已经成为父母）、邻居、兄弟姐妹和其他家庭成员那里听到批评。许多父母应该都有这样的经历，一个完全陌生的人会很随意地提出意见：“哦，这么冷的天，你宝宝的帽子呢？”

It always helps to look for what has been called “the question behind the question,” that is, the motivating factor. The reasons vary, but generally people question your parenting style when you have made a choice that is different from the perceived norm. They may be confused about what you‘‘re doing or worried about your baby. Usually, the people who comment on a mother‘‘s choices care about her and her babies. Surely a grandparent‘‘s underlying concern is based on love for a grandchild. Identifying the motivation behind a particular comment can help put it in perspective and help you decide how to handle it. When someone asks about a toddler who is still nursing, the underlying reason may be confusion. Nursing beyond one year (or even beyond six months) is not common in many parts of the world. Those who have no experience with toddler nursing may not even know that it is possible.

学会分析问题总是有助于寻找“问题背后的问题”，这是他人批评的动机。原因总在变化，尤其当你和常规的养育方式不同时，人们就是会质疑。他们被你正在做的事情搞糊涂了或者担心你的宝宝。通常，批评母亲的人们是对她和她的孩子表示关心。可以肯定，祖父母的忧虑本质是关心孙子或者孙女。确定某一批评背后的动机可以帮助你从他人的角度出发并且帮助你解决它。当有人问到还在吃奶的学步宝宝时，本质的原因可能是他们很困惑。母乳喂养超过一年（或者超过6个月）在世界上很多地方都不寻常。那些没有喂养学步宝宝经验的人甚至不会知道这是可行的。

Different choices were at the heart of a conflict for Christine C., of Oakton, Virginia. She had a close friend with older children whom she thought of as a mothering mentor. She had followed her friend‘‘s example in some areas, but decided to do other things differently. One evening when Christine was not home, her friend called and lectured Christine‘‘s husband about the bad parenting choices they were making. Christine told the members of her LLL Group that she realized then that her friend saw only two possible explanations for the difference in their choices: either Christine had been brainwashed by LLL or Christine considered her friend‘‘s choices wrong. How sad that this important friendship suffered because Christine‘‘s friend hadn‘‘t considered a third possibility- that they had each done what was best for their own families.

对于来自美国维吉尼亚州奥克顿的Christine C来说，不同的选择是冲突的根本原因。她有一个很亲近的朋友，朋友的孩子已经比较大了，她把这位朋友作为养育方面的顾问。她在某些方面效仿她的朋友，但在某些方面做法不同。一个晚上，Christine不在家，她的朋友打电话来并且责备她的丈夫在抚养孩子上的某些做法。Christine将这件事与国际母乳会的成员讨论，她意识到她的朋友对这个问题只有两种解释：要么是Christine被国际母乳会洗过脑了，要么是Christine认为她朋友的选择是错误的。她们之间的友谊有了裂痕，令人难过，只因为Christine的朋友从来没有考虑到第三种可能性—─她们都在做对自己的家庭最好的选择。

Sometimes health care professionals express concerns in a critical way, as Joyce E. of Fredricksburg, Virginia discovered. When Joyce mentioned to a doctor prescribing medication for her that she was nursing a two-year-old, the doctor exclaimed, “Joyce, Joyce, why are you still breastfeeding? This is not good. Not good. You‘‘ll be sorry. Stop it now!” Joyce replied by mentioning that she knew people who nursed until three or even four. When the doctor repeated his advice, she brushed it off with a laugh. She realized that her doctor may have been an expert about many kinds of health problems, but knew little about extended nursing or her family‘‘s values.

有时卫生保健专业人员用批评的语气表达关心。维吉尼亚的Joyce E举了她的一个例子。当她提及她还在为两岁的宝宝哺乳时，正在开药的医生很惊讶，“Joyce，Joyce，你为什么还在喂母乳呢？这样不好，不好。你会后悔的。马上停下来！” Joyce回答说她知道还有人一直哺乳到宝宝三岁甚至四岁呢。当她的医生重申了他的意见时，Joyce笑着拒绝了。她意识到她的医生可能是健康问题方面的专家，但是对长期哺乳和她的家庭价值观却了解很少。

Relatives from the previous generation may feel an implied criticism when we do things differently than they did. Imagine a grandmother‘‘s feelings when her own child does things she is unfamiliar with, for example, breastfeeding or avoiding spanking as a parenting tool. She may feel that if her daughter or son rejects her parenting choices that it means they are rejecting her, too. Or she may be afraid that her child thinks she did a bad job of parenting. Such feelings usually remain unspoken, but they can cause a great deal of anxiety. A mother‘‘s own feelings can affect her responses. When someone expresses concern about an issue that is of little import, it‘‘s often easy to shrug it off. But when you‘‘re questioned about issues that are close to your heart, or ones that you are struggling with, you‘‘re more likely to hear the concern as criticism.

当我们做的事情和他们不一样时，上一辈的亲属会觉得他们受到了含蓄的批评。想象一位祖母，当她孩子做着自己不熟悉的事情时的感觉，例如，母乳喂养或是避免把体罚作为管教工具。她会感到她的女儿或者儿子在否认她的养育方式的同时也否认了她。或者她害怕孩子认为她的养育方式不好。这种感觉通常不会说出口，但是会带来焦虑。一位母亲的感觉会影响到她的反应。当一些表示关切的问题没有什么内在含义的，往往很容易摆脱。但当你被问到的问题触碰到你的内心，或正好是那些你不想听到的问题，你更可能把它当做是批评。

One mother comments that if someone criticized her choice of car seat or her meatloaf recipe, she‘‘d be amused because she doesn‘‘t have an emotional attachment to her car seat or her meatloaf. But if someone criticized her toddler‘‘s behavior, she‘‘d be more likely to feel defensive because she feels that his behavior reflects on her mothering ability even though she knows that much of his behavior is developmental and will pass with time. Criticism can occur in many places. We may hear comments at family gatherings, even when relatives visit in our homes. Sometimes comments come from friends and acquaintances in a play-group or at a neighborhood or school event. Even in the sanctuary of our religious community we may encounter unsolicited questions or criticism. Public places such as the library, grocery stores, or restaurants sometimes seem stocked with strangers lying in wait to critique our parenting. Each of these situations inspires different reactions and calls for different responses.

一个母亲解释道：如果有人批评她选择的汽车座椅或她的肉饼食谱，她会觉得很逗乐，因为她对她的汽车座椅或她的肉饼没有情感依恋。但是如果有人指责她孩子的行为，她很有可能有抵触情绪，因为她觉得孩子的行为代表了她作为母亲的能力，尽管她知道大部分的行为正在发展且将随着时间的推移而消失。批评会发生在很多地方，比如家庭聚会上，或者亲戚到家里做客时。有时候在参加聚会、社区或学校活动时，朋友和熟人也会提出批评。即使在庇护我们的教会里，我们也可能遇到不请自来的质疑或批评。还有图书馆、百货商店或餐馆这些公众场所好像也有很多等待着评论我们的养育方式的陌生人。每种情况下都需要有不同的反应和不同的回答。

How to Respond
如何回应

A mothe‘‘s response to criticism will vary depending upon the source of the criticism, the issue being criticized, when the comments occur, and her assessment of the underlying motivation. Thinking ahead about ways to handle criticism can make you feel less vulnerable to comments from others. Five possible methods of responding are to ignore, inform, use humor, acknowledge, or empathize.
一个母亲对批评的反应将取决于批评的来源、批评的话题、发生的时间和批评的基本动机。先想好如何处理批评会使你没那么容易被其他人的批评所伤害。五种可行的应对方法为：忽略、给予信息、运用幽默感、承认对方或者共情 。

When you don‘‘t know what to say, you can ignore the comment by saying nothing, avoiding eye contact, walking away, or changing the subject. A non sequitur can be a subtle way to ignore by refusing to be drawn into the discussion. For instance, the classic reply to “How long are you going to continue nursing him?” is “Oh, about 10 more minutes.” Changing the subject might work at a family gathering. “Oh, Adam, I wanted to be sure to ask about your new job. Tell us how it‘‘s going.” By giving a response that avoids the underlying question, you can sometimes steer the conversation away from a subject that you‘‘re not interested in debating.

当你不知道说什么的时候，你可以以沉默的方式忽略问题，避免眼神的交流、走开或者转换话题。拒绝回答是一个巧妙的忽略方式，不把问题变成争论。例如：一个典型的问题“你打算母乳喂养他到什么时候？”“哦，大约再10分钟。”改变话题会在家庭聚会中起作用。”哦，亚当，我想了解一下你的新工作，告诉我们进展如何？”给予回应，避免潜在的问题，有时你可以从不感兴趣的辩论中转移开。

When a question comes from a stranger, ignoring it and simply walking away may be the best response. Just because someone asks a question doesn‘‘t mean you have to answer it. After all, when a stranger criticizes your parenting, they are being downright rude and intrusive.

当一个陌生人提出质疑时，不管它，一走了之可能是最好的应对方式。因为某人问一个问题并不意味着你必须回答它。归根结底，当一个陌生人批评你的抚养方式时，这是粗鲁的冒犯。

A second method of responding is to inform. This is the method Joyce E. used first when confronted with the doctor who believed that breastfeeding a two-year-old was wrong. She offered the information that some mothers nurse a child longer than two years.

第二种方式就是给予信息。上面提到的Joyce E一开始用的就是这个方式，当她的医生告诉她母乳喂养一个两岁大的宝宝是错的时候，她回答说还有一些母亲给孩子喂奶的时间超过两年。

Informing can be very effective with someone who likes authority and references. If you can respond by saying that your baby‘‘s doctor recommends the choice you‘‘ve made or by referring to a book that documents the benefits of your approach, the questioning may stop. People may be more likely to believe an idea is valid if they see it in print. Even someone who appears on television may be given more credibility than you. Offering information also makes it clear that you have made your choices thoughtfully and it can pave the way to better understanding.

给予信息可能对那些偏爱权威或喜欢证据的人更有效。如果你说孩子的医生建议这样做或是把参考文献作为证明时，质疑将会停止。人们更倾向于相信出版物上面的观点。甚至有人出现在电视上证明此观点时，比你更有说服力。提供信息会让人觉得你的选择是经过深思熟虑的，同时也为更好的互相了解铺平了道路。

Humor can be a great tension reliever. Making fun of yourself or the situation may diffuse the criticism, and if you all get a good laugh, all the better. Joyce S., an LLL Leader in Vienna, Virginia, recalls a story she heard at one of her earliest LLL meetings. “The Leader‘‘s father-in-law questioned her about when she would wean her baby. Her response was ‘‘If his prom date has a problem with his nursing, he‘‘ll have to find another date.‘‘The father-in-law never asked the question again.”

幽默是一种很好的应对压力的方式。在充满批评的情况下自我解嘲或对假设的某个情境开开玩笑，这样会让大家都好过很多。Joyce.S是一名在弗吉尼亚州维也纳市的一名哺乳辅导，她复述了一个她在母乳会聚会上听到的故事。“一名母乳会哺乳辅导的公公问她打算什么时候断奶。她的回答是‘如果宝宝觉得吃奶和他舞会的约会有冲突的话，他自己会选择好日期的。’这次之后，她的公公再也没问过她关于断奶的问题。”

Humor works best when delivered gently, with a genuine smile. Sarcasm, while sometimes seeming funny, can cause hurt feelings. Poke fun at the situation, not at the people involved. A fourth method of responding is to acknowledge the other person’s perspective without agreeing, or to turn the question around to shift the focus. To acknowledge the other person‘‘s viewpoint, you can simply restate it as Pat G., of Herndon, Virginia did when her mother-in-law suggested Pat put her baby in a playpen at a family gathering “I know you think that its a mistake for us not to use a playpen. We just don‘‘t intend to get one, so let‘‘s agree to disagree, and not talk about it any more.” Pat adds that this incident was the first of several that led her mother-in-law to adopt the phrase, “Well, you know how Pat is.”

当你回答得十分温和并且面带微笑的时候，幽默能够发挥最大的作用。不过有时看起来挺好笑的讽刺却会导致别人有受伤的感觉。应当做到对事不对人。第四种回应的方法是承认对方观点的存在但不表示同意，或者是转移话题。在接受他人观点的时候你可以采取像来自弗吉尼亚州赫恩登市Pat G直接陈述的方式。当她的婆婆建议她在家庭聚会的时候把宝宝放在围栏中的时候，Pat G说“我知道你认为不用围栏对我们来说是不对的，不过我们只是不打算去买一个罢了，让我们接受彼此不同的观点，不要再讨论这件事情了。”Pat说这是第一次她婆婆开始接受她的建议，“你知道的，这就是Pat。”

Shifting the focus is a way to let the other person talk about his or her experiences. Inviting a grandmother to recall when her children were babies is a respectful way to let her offer her expertise without agreeing to take her advice. “What was it like when you started solids? Did you find that your babies took to it easily?”

把话题转换到让对方聊聊他或者她的经验。你可以让奶奶追忆一下她是如何养育她的孩子的，这是一种礼貌的让她传授经验的方式，但并不意味着你就要同意她的建议。“当你开始喂辅食的时候是什么情况呢？你是不是觉得宝宝很容易就接受了呢？”

When you empathize, you let the other person know that you understand how he or she feels and why. You are opening the door to further conversation. This type of response is also called reflective listening or empathetic listening. You can learn more about this method in the LLLI Human Relations Enrichment courses, which are often offered at LLL conferences, workshops, and seminars. To respond in this manner, it is necessary to drop your own agenda, that is, to set aside your defensiveness, and listen with the intent of understanding the other person. When you believe you understand how the other person is feeling and why, you can open the door to discussion by responding along these lines, “You‘‘re worried about Fiona not starting solids yet because you believe she‘‘s not getting enough to eat.” Responding empathetically will not cause the other person to drop the subject, but it will allow for constructive and respectful discussion.

当你和对方共情的时候，你要让对方知道你能够对他或者她感同身受，这样你就打开了继续沟通的那扇门。这种回应方式也被称作回应式的倾听或者共情式的倾听。在国际母乳会的人际关系提升课程中可以学到更多和这种方法相关的内容，这种方法在母乳会的会议、工作坊以及研讨会中常被提到。用这种方式回应，你必须摈弃你自己的成见，也就是放下防御心，带着理解对方的目的来倾听对方。当你认为你能够完全地理解对方的感受以及为什么对方会有这样的感受时，你就可以开始和对方讨论并沿着这样的方向来回应对方。例如“你认为Fiona吃不饱所以才会对她还不开始吃辅食才感到焦虑”。充满同理心的回应虽然无法使对方舍弃话题，但能让谈话更有建设性和彼此尊重。

Choosing a Response
选择一种回应

There is no one right response to a given criticism. A comfortable response for you will be based not only on your natural style, but also on who is criticizing you and the issue at hand. For example, you may feel comfortable ignoring a comment from a stranger but find it impossible to ignore a comment from your partner. Or, you may feel comfortable using humor with a friend but find you need to offer information to your parents.

恰当的回应批评的方式并不只有一种。合适的回应取决于你的天性以及批评的人是谁和什么样的事件。例如，你会发现忽视陌生人的评论很容易，但是却很难忽略来自你的伴侣的评论。再比如，你发现和朋友开开玩笑是很容易的，但是和你父母在一起则需要给予解释。

Recognizing the parenting choices that matter most to you can help you prepare to respond. One way to sort them out is to draw a pyramid on paper and divide it into three horizontal sections. In the bottom section, write the issues or decisions that you hold most dear. In the top section, list those issues on which you feel you could compromise. In the middle, list the issues that don‘‘t belong in either of the other two sections.

明白什么样的养育方式对你来说是最重要的，这样能够很好地帮助你做好回应的准备。有一种把它们归类的方法是在纸上画出一个金字塔，并横向的分成三个部分。最底部写上你认为最应该坚持的事情或者决定。最顶端的部分列出你认为你可以妥协的问题。中间部分写出不属于顶部和底部这两部分的内容。

You can use the same technique to sort out your reactions to people in your life. The foundation is for people whose approval or disapproval affects you the most. The top section is for people whose opinions don‘‘t affect you much one way or the other. The middle section is for everyone else.

你可以用同样的技巧把你生活中遇到的需要回应他人的事情来做个分类。底端部分是那些他们的决定对你影响最大的人。顶端部分是他们的意见对你来说没有很大的影响的人。中间部分就是其余的人。

Another way to visualize your options is to transfer the names and issues you‘‘ve listed onto a grid, listing people across the top and issues down the left side. In each box, you can write which of the five response methods you‘‘d like to offer. You may find that some boxes represent unlikely situations. For example, your husband is unlikely to criticize your baby‘‘s sleeping arrangement if he was the one who suggested it, so you know you won’t need a strategy for that situation. In the boxes that represent likely situations, you can write ideas for ways to respond.

还有一种做选择的方式是把你列出来的人名或者事项填在横纵格子里，把人物写在顶部，事项写在左侧。在每个格子里你可以写下5种你准备好的应对方法。你会发现一些格子会出现不可能的情况。比如，你的丈夫如果建议了关于宝宝睡眠的安排的话那么他就不可能批评你基于他的建议的安排，所以你知道你不需要考虑如何应对这种情况，只需要在那些可能出现的情况的格子里，写出你的应对方法。

Writing down your ideas can give you an eye-opening look at which combinations of topics and sources are the most difficult to handle. It may help to work first on the situation that bothers you the most. If the most troublesome situation improves, you may find that other things don‘‘t bother you as much. Or you may prefer to practice new skills on a more neutral issue. Trying out a new skill on an issue that is less upsetting may give you valuable practice and help build your confidence. The best defense is a good offense. What makes a parent vulnerable to criticism or questioning? Sometimes, there really is no criticism; we are actually misinterpreting the speaker‘‘s words or motives. Anne Cassidy, in her book Parents Who Think Too Much, writes that the uncertainty so many parents feel can lead to defensiveness. “We are, all of us, casting about for a new way to raise kids, and we‘‘re looking to other parents for guidance. But what may be observation can feel a lot like judgment if we don‘‘t know what‘‘s behind that long stare.”

把你的想法写下来能够让你用更开阔的角度去发现哪种问题及其来源的组合是最难以应付的。这也许能帮助你优先解决最令你烦恼的问题。如果最难的问题有所改善了，也许你会发现其他问题也变得没那么烦了。你可以开始尝试用新的技巧来解决一些中立的问题。在一些没那么烦恼的事情上试试新的解决方法可能会让你获得更有价值的经验同时也共容易建立起自己的信心。最好的防守就是进攻。是什么让家长容易受到批评或者质疑？有些时候，那些并不是真正的批评，实际上是我们曲解了对方的言语或者动机。《想得太多的家长们》一书的作者Anne Cassidy在书中提到，不少家长在感受到不确定性的时候就会采取防备。“我们都是这样的，当我们转变到一种新的方法来养育孩子的时候，我们总会向其他的父母征求指导意见。但是当我们并不知道那些关注背后的含义的时候，我们总是把这种关注理解为一种评判。”

It is possible that a mother invites criticism when she is uncertain about a parenting decision, perhaps because what she has been trying hasn‘‘t worked as well as she would have liked. Barbara C. of Fairfax, Virginia says “I avoided a lot of criticism by presenting myself as a confident parent. I‘‘ve found that when I am not feeling tenuous or conflicted- or at least not appearing that way- others are less likely to question or criticize me.”

一个妈妈使用一种她不确定的育儿方法时可能会招致批评，也许只是因为她尝试的方法并没有达到她预期的效果。来自弗吉尼亚州，费尔法克斯的Barbara C说：“作为自信的父母，我避免了许多的批评。我发现当我一点也不脆弱或者矛盾，至少不要表现出这个样子时，他人就更少质疑或者批评我。”

Confidence is contagious. When we believe in our parenting choices, we express ourselves with confidence. Expressing confidence can be the best way to prevent unwanted criticism and questioning.
自信是会传递的。当我们信任我们选择的养育方法，我们就会传达出我们的自信。展现自信是避免批评和质疑的最好方法。

And what about my sister-in-law? It has been eight years since our conversation on the beach. She has started a family and she began attending LLL meetings during her pregnancy. When her baby turned one, she wrote to tell me she was excited that they had graduated to toddler meetings. Imagine that, my sister-in-law is happily nursing a toddler! I can‘‘t help feeling that my confident answer to her question and my own happy breastfeeding relationship had a big impact on her. I feel a special pleasure that my sister-in-law and I have the joys of breastfeeding in common.

那么我的小姑子又怎么样了呢？自从上次我们在海边的对话已经过去八年了。她已经组建了一个家庭，而且在怀孕期间也参加了母乳会的会议。当她的宝宝一岁的时候，她写信告诉我他们晋级到学步儿聚会了。想想看，我的小姑子正快乐地给学步儿哺乳！我不禁认为，当年我对她的问题给予的自信回答以及我愉快的母乳喂养经历给了她多么大的影响。对于我的小姑子能够感受到和我一样的母乳喂养的乐趣，我感到特别的高兴。

For more information

Robinson, Lesley. How Families Find Support. NEW BEGINNINGS. May/June 1993.

Frequently Asked Question on the LLLI Web site. “How Do I Respond to and Avoid Criticism about Breastfeeding?”

Human Relations Enrichment Workbook

人际关系提升手册

Five Methods of Responding

五种回应的方法

Example 例子	A grandmother is concerned about a baby sleeping in the parents‘‘ bed. 奶奶对于宝宝睡在父母的床上感到很忧虑.	She might say, “Carmen, I just can‘‘t believe that you and Kelly don‘‘t put Chloe in that beautiful crib.” 她可能会说：“卡门，我不敢相信你和凯利竟然不让克洛伊睡在那个漂亮的婴儿床上。
Ignore 忽略	Avoid eye contact, turn away, walk away, change the subject 避免目光对视，转身走开，换个话题	That reminds me that I still have a load of laundry to get in. Would you watch Chloe for a moment? 哦，你提醒了我，我还有衣服要拿去洗。能不能帮我照顾一会儿克洛伊？
Inform 给予更多的信息	Refer to an authority, such as a medical professional, a book or article 参考某个权威，比如医学专家，或者一本书，或者一篇文章	Although sleeping with a baby seems like a bad idea to you, I have several books that recommend it. Or, Would you like to read what Dr. Sears says about how sharing sleep may help prevent SIDS in NIGHTTIME PARENTING? 也许在你看来和宝宝一起睡不太好，不过有些书却提倡这么做。你愿意读读西尔斯医生提到的和宝宝一起睡的夜间育儿法能够有效的防止婴儿猝死的部分吗？
Humor 幽默	Make fun of yourself or the situation, not the other person 对你自己或者这件事情自我解嘲，并不是取笑别人	You know, you might be right. If I have to go away to college with her and sleep in a dorm, that‘‘ll get old fast! 也许你是对的，如果她上大学的时候我还跟着她睡在一起，她很快就不会愿意了！
Acknowledge 承认	Acknowledge the other‘‘s viewpoint without agreeing or ask a question to shift the focus to the other person 承认但并不同意对方的观点，或者问个问题把焦点转移到其他人身上	I know you think having Chloe in our bed is a mistake. It‘‘s working for us so let‘‘s just agree to disagree, and not talk about it anymore. Or, What was it like for you when your children were babies? How did they sleep? 我知道你认为让克洛伊睡在我们的床上不好。但我们认为这样挺好的，就让我们接受这不同观点的存在，也别再讨论了好吗？也许你愿意聊聊当你的孩子们还小的时候是怎么样的呢？他们都是怎么睡的呢？
Empathize 共情	Open the door to further conversation, demonstrate your understanding of the other‘‘s feeling and meaning 为继续的交流打开一扇门，表明你能够理解对方的感受和用意	You‘‘re worried about Chloe sleeping in our bed because you think it‘‘s dangerous. You don’t want her to be hurt. Or, You‘‘re concerned about our relationship because it seems to you that with Chloe in our bed we‘‘ll never have any private time. 你之所以对克洛伊睡在我们床上觉得很担心，是因为你觉得这样很危险，你不想让她受到伤害，或者你担忧我们的夫妻关系，因为在你看来克洛伊和我们一起睡了，那么我们夫妻就没有私人时间了。